1.时间顺序。说明事物的演变发展的;
(按时间的先后来进行说明,多用于说明具体事物和历史事件的发展变化过程。
2.空间顺序。说明建筑物的;
(按事物的空间位置,即事物的表里、上下、前后、左右、位置和方位等来进行说明。 这种顺序多用于说明相对静止的事物、建筑物的结构和介绍参观建筑物的过程之类的文章。
3.逻辑顺序。介绍高科技产品或说明事物间的联系的;
(按事物的推理过程及人们对事物规律的认识和运用的顺序去说明事理、布局文章。 ① 从现象到本质(或从本质到现象;
② 从原因到结果(或从结果到原因;
③ 从特点到用途(或从用途到特点;
④ 从整体到部分(或从部分到整体;
⑤ 从概括到具体(或从具体到概括;
⑥从主要到次要(或从次要到主要;
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
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