冬天打雪仗的作文框架【一】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【二】
当仙女撒下那金枝玉叶——“雪”时，一群孩子跑来了，快乐地扑向雪的怀抱，开始了雪中的游戏——打雪仗。当然，我就是其中的一员。
我们布下了“八门金锁阵”，八个孩子围成了一个大圆圈，仿佛我们就是那似烟非烟仙境中傲雪开放的梅花。
我们的规则只有一点：打重了不许哭。游戏正式开始了，我们戴好帽子和手套，稳了稳神，捧起一些雪揉成个大雪球就扔向对方，“哎哟”！只听一声惨叫，小明被我的雪球不偏不依地打中了脸庞，败下玻阵来。
嘿嘿，我们大获全胜，实力大增呢！紧接着第二局开始，那个“受伤者”带伤上阵，他将脸上的雪擦去，露出了狡猾的一笑，真不知他又想出了什么诡计。他 这次采取了“第二套”战略方法——智取。当我的雪球将要发射时，他尖叫道：“不好！有车来了！”我急忙转身，嗯？怎么什么都没有， 这时我才方知中计，刚刚回过头，只见一个已经被揉得不成样子的大雪球向我扑来，我急中生生智，一下子蹲下身子低下头，躲过了这一劫。他气得咬牙切齿，决定 用大雪球狠狠地将我打倒在地。
于是，这狰狞面目的第三局也开幕了。他使用了“连环炮”，这次我是大难临头了，最终还是被击中了，变成一个“活雪人”。
就这样，随着天色渐晚，我们这次激烈的“战斗”在欢声笑语中结束了。
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【三】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【四】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【五】
前几年，下了一场大雪虽然天气寒冷，但我们还是忍不住去楼下打雪仗。
比赛规则为：每人一开始有五分钟建造防护墙，击破地方防护墙，得10分，每击中对方一次，得1分。
比赛即将开始，我手忙脚乱地把雪聚集在一起;而爸爸呢，不管三七二十一，全把雪聚集在他的面前。比赛开始!妈妈来势凶猛，疯狂地向我发起攻击。“九阴白骨球”!“啪”，幸亏我的防护墙坚固，否则就要“英勇牺牲”了。我也毫不示弱，奋起还击，“倚天屠龙球”!雪球不偏不倚正好掉落在妈妈头上。而爸爸，正等着我们鹬蚌相争，他坐收渔翁之利。“寒冰球”我的防护墙竟然爆了!接下来，是突如其来的“连环弹”，我落荒而逃。不过，我也不是吃素的!“狂龙乱舞”，妈妈的防护墙也被我摧毁了。爸爸见时机成熟了，便起身攻击，没想到地上太滑，爸爸猝不及防，摔了个“狗吃屎”，还把自己的防护墙毁灭了，他欲哭无泪。“哈哈哈!”妈妈的嘲笑让爸爸愤怒不已，而我也要报仇，左右夹击，打得妈妈落花流水，妈妈“抱头鼠窜”，我与爸爸展开了“巅峰对决”，两个球交织在一起，竟然相碰粉碎了!妈妈疯狂地跑过来突袭，妄图把我地片甲不留，幸亏我躲闪及时，否则成为她的囊中之物了……
结算总分：我42分，爸爸41分，妈妈39分，别看妈妈来势凶猛，其实是不堪一击的。
雪又飘下来，也越积越厚……
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【六】
下雪啦，下雪啦，这是最让高兴的`事情，我戴上帽子、手套，准备和哥哥一起打雪仗。
我们冲出家门，院里简直就是白色的世界，屋顶、地面、车顶……到处是雪，我们兴奋极了。我不顾一切，冲向雪地，迅速团了个雪球，藏在手里，等哥哥来了，我拿起偷偷准备好的雪球，神不知鬼不觉地朝哥哥仍去，哥哥发现时已经晚了，只听哎呦一声，雪球正好打中。我又跳又叫，打中啦，打中啦。正当我高兴时，只见一个又大又圆的白球艘的朝我飞过来，我立即身体一闪，躲过了的雪球，我洋洋得意的跳起来，就这样我们的雪球大战开始了。
哥哥比我大一岁，他制造的雪球又快又大，我也不甘示弱，为了快速储备弹药，我躲到车后制造雪球。等我觉得够多了的时候，就悄悄地转到哥哥的身后准备搞偷袭，谁知道这次哥哥早有准备，一侧身，躲过了我的袭击，同时将手中的子弹向机关枪一样，连续向我发射，我已不知该如何躲闪，只听“砰”的一声，一个雪球打在我的脸上，只见我的脸上、眼镜上全是雪，活像一个雪人。我不服输，两手迅速地抓起一大把雪，来不及团就直接洒向哥哥，给他来了个天女散花，哥哥还没明白我要干什么，雪已洒满他身上。我又一次取得了胜利。
打雪仗真有意思，我玩得真开心。
冬天打雪仗的作文框架【七】
今日早上，下了一场大雪，这真让我高兴，因为我可以和小伙伴们去打雪仗了！
冲下楼梯，只见白花花的雪把大地变成了银色的世界，一切都变得特别干净。我开始召集我的小伙伴，伙伴们都到齐了，我站在中间宣布好比赛规则后，打雪仗比赛开始了。
我们抓起草丛上的积雪，用手揉成团，向对方的腿步扔去，谁中弹的就被淘汰，大家追逐戏闹，玩得满头是汗，而手却冻得象胡箩卜。
经过一番恶战，我方终于获胜了，我们欢呼起来。这场雪仗打得真开心啊！
