导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
现代文阅读是中考的一个重点,更是一个难点。在做阅读训练题时,有很多学生整体把握很好,也能准确地按照题目的要求答题,但是由于其表述缺乏规范性而导致失分较多,主要表现在:
①不能用完整的句子特别是陈述句回答问题,句义表述不完整;
②语言表达不流畅;
③答题抓不住重点,答非所问。
针对这些问题,复习过程中必须做到以下几点:整体感知,把握内涵,重点突破,领会主旨;审查题干,筛选信息;严整表达,突出重点。在整个答题过程中,必须做到以文章为中心,做到“词不离句,句不离段”,筛选信息,顾“文”生“义”,从文中找答案。不论是记叙性的叙事散文,还是时代性强的议论文,或者是科技性的说明文,题目的设计都与文章的中心有密切的联系,而文章的主题根植于文章的内容,内容决定文章的主旨内涵,所以在阅读中一定要强调整体阅读与感知,在了解并熟知文章内容的基础上,找准重点语句,把握文章内涵。如,进行记叙文的阅读训练时,整体阅读后总要设置这样一系列问题:
①请用一句话概括这篇文章的主要内容;
②读这篇文章,你感觉本文作者想传达给你什么样的信息?
③你对本文的写作方法有什么评价?
④如果让你出题,你将设置什么样的题目?
⑤细读所设置的题目,看作者是就哪些段落进行设置的?
⑥文中你最感兴趣的语句段是哪些……通过这一系列题目的设问,学会感知文段,有准备地答题。同时,要认真分析题目的要求,善于从已知条件中发现可用的信息,从设题与相关语句段的关系中找答题的依据和思路方法。切忌在做题中断章取义或不看题目、无目地或想当然地答题。
作文是中考的半壁江山,它的成败直接关系着中考成绩的高低,然而在复习中,学生受素材匮乏、生活阅历少、思路不开阔的`局限,复习效果不是太明显,成为学生中考作文出彩的瓶颈。对此,建议采取三线并行的方法。
一是写作知识专题编导。即就写作过程中的拟题、审题、立意、构思、选材、语言表达、结构布局等方面,一周一专题,引例进行知识与写作实践的辅导,辅以片断写作方式,让学生加以练习。
二是鉴赏蓄积,储备素材。“赏”即欣赏佳作。佳作并不匮乏,我们平常的阅读材料就是一个美文库,要在平常的练习中用心体会。“鉴”即借鉴择取。蓄积就是积累写作材料。对于初三学生而言,自己的生活本身就能引发他们纷繁的思绪,临考期间紧张的学习感受,同学间或明或暗的竞争,老师的殷切期望,家长的百倍呵护,同学情、师生情、亲情交织在一起,足以构成一曲情感交响曲,足以为中考作文写作蓄势。
三是各类题型的集中训练。即就中考作文中的话题作文、材料作文等各种形式的作文类型进行写作方法与技巧的指导与训练。
总之,进行总复习的时候,绝对不能盲目地练题,一定要多动脑子,要多看方向,多研究问题,这样才能有效率地复习好语文。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
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