①常常能听到这样一种说法:人的脑子用多了,会掉许多细胞、人脑多用了会笨,这种说法是没有科学道理的。
②事实上,人的肌体的各个部位,几乎都是越用越健康,脑子也是一样。让我们先来看一个数据:经科学家研究证明,人的大脑皮层,大约有140亿个神经细胞,也叫神经元。这么多数量的脑细胞,对一个人的一生来说,足够足够了。有人计算过,如果一个人活到100岁的话,经常运用的脑神经细胞只不过10多亿个,还有80%90%的脑细胞没动用。所以,根本不会有什么脑子多用会笨的事情。
③生命在于运动,这是生物界的'一个普遍规律。人的机体,用则灵,不用则衰;脑子用得勤的人,肯定聪明。因为这些勤于用脑的人,脑管经常处于舒展的状态,脑神经细胞会得到很好的保养,从而使大脑更加发达,避免了大脑的早衰。相反,那些懒于用脑思考的人,由于大脑受到的信息刺激比较少,甚至没有,大脑很可能就会早衰。这跟一架机器一样,搁在那里不用就要生锈,经常运转就很润滑。外国就有过这样的研究,科学家观察了一定数量的2070岁的人,发现长期从事脑力劳动的人,到了60岁时仍能保持敏捷的思维能力,而在那些终日无所事事、得过且过的懒人当中,大脑早衰者的比例大大高于前者。
④除了懂得脑子多用只会聪明、不会笨的道理以外,我们还应该了解多用脑、可防老的道理。这对老年人来讲尤为重要。我们常说,大脑是人体的司令部,如果大脑迟钝了,身体各器官的生理功能当然也不会旺盛。所以,保持大脑的活力,就能促进其他机体、器官保持活力;大脑如早衰,也会影响其他机体器官的早衰。老年人的健康状况,往往是生理、心理、环境等因素互相影响的结果,老年人保持着勤于用脑的好习惯,就会有一种很好的心理状态,可以使自己的生活、精神充满活力。
⑤勤于用脑,延缓衰老,这个道理是很科学的。老年人如此,何况我们青少年呢?让我们大家养成勤于用脑的良好习惯吧。
18.用自己的话对第②段中画线部分的内容进行概括。(1分)
___________________________________________________________________
19.第③段中画线的部分综合运用了______________________________等说明方法,说明了____________________________________________________的道理。(2分)
20.第④段说明多用脑,可防老的道理,谈了两方面的原因:一是生理方面的,就是多用脑能够____________________________________________;二是心理方面的,就是多用脑可以___________________________________________。(2分)
21.人的机体的各个部位,几乎都是越用越健康,这句话中的几乎能删去吗?为什么?(2分)
_____________________________________________________________________
22.把全文分为两个部分,请用‖划出。(1分)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
23.你在生活中也经常用脑,读了这篇文章,有些什么?(2分)
_______________________________________________________________ ____
参考答案:
18.人的脑神经细胞足够一生运用。 19.作诠释、作比较、打比方。脑子用得勤(的人),肯定聪明。或:脑子多用只会聪明(不会笨)。20.促进其它肌体、器官保持活力; 使生活、精神充满活力。 21.不能删去。几乎表明并非全部,也有例外,删去后不能表达出这层意思。 22.①②③║④⑤ 23.本题鼓励学生各抒己见,只要符合题意,言之成理即可给分。
如果文题内容较多,可运用对偶或对举的手法,显示出整齐之美。
总结:议论是作者对客观事物进行分析、评论、说服,以表明自己的见解、主张、态度的表达方式,通常由论点 、论据、论证三部分构成。议论文题目分为论题,论点,寓意型。
形象的标题最具感染力和吸引力。拟题力求形象,必须避免平、实、熟和抽象。平常或一般化的题目,太实在的题目,常见的题目以及抽象的题目,要尽量给它们披上形象的外衣,使人一见而生清新之感。如《人生离不开自立》可改成《自立--人生的风帆》,《谈理解》可换成《搭起通向理解的五彩桥》,《环境影响人》可形象化为《近墨者黑》,《走出自卑》可修饰为《天空中也有你的星座 --走出自卑》。
一般疑问句、否定句
1.Lindaoftendoesherhomeworkafterschool.(改为一般疑问句
________Lindaoften________herhomeworkafterschool?
2.Marysentherfriendacardtowishhimahappybirthday.(改为一般疑问句
Maryherfriendacardtowishhimahappybirthday?
3.Hisfatherknowssomethingabouthowtocreatecomicstrips.(改为否定句
Hisfather_________know_________abouthowtocreatecomicstrips.
4.MyhusbandhasneversentflowerstohismotheronMother’sDay.(改为一般疑问句_________yourhusband_________sentflowerstohismotheronMother’sDay?
5.Weshalldonatemoneyandclothestothosewhoneedhelp.(改为一般疑问句)____________we___________moneyandclothestothosewhoneedhelp?
6.Iwanttosendthisletterbyexpressmail.(改为一般疑问句
__________you__________tosendthisletterbyexpressmail?
7.BothmysisterandIlikereadingcomicstrips.(改为否定句
_______ofus_______readingcomicstrips.
8.Mary’sfathertoldherhowtosolvetheproblemimmediately.(改为否定句
Mary’sfather__________________herhowtosolvetheproblemimmediately.
9.TheGreeksoldierscapturedtheTrojansthroughatrickatlast.(改为一般疑问句
____________theGreeksoldiers____________theTrojansthroughatrickatlast?
10.Martinhastowalktoschoolearlyinthemorning.(改为否定句)
Martin____________towalktoschoolearlyinthemorning.
11.Kittyhaspianolessonsatweekends.(改为一般疑问句
Kittypianolessonsatweekends?
12.Theremovalmanputthewashingmachinenexttothefridge.(改为否定句
Theremovalman________________thewashingmachinenexttothefridge
13.Peterhasalreadyfinishedhisproject.(改为否定句
Peter________finishedhisproject________.
14.Bothofthetwinslikepopmusic.(改为否定句
______ofthetwins______popmusic.
15.KatehasalreadyboughtacatfromMr.Wo’spetshop.(改为否定句
Kate__________boughtacarfromMr.Wo’spetshop__________.
16.Samdrovetoworkyesterdaymorning.(改为否定句
Sam__________________toworkyesterdaymorning.
17.Brucehastolookafterhislittlebrotheratweekends.(改为一般疑问句
_________Bruce_________tolookafterhislittlebrotheratweekends?18.Mylittlesondidsomereadingbeforegoingtobedlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)___________yourlittleson_____________anyreadingbeforegoingtobed?
同义句
1.Theolderhegets,themoreforgetfulhebecomes.(保持原句意思)
Hebecomesmoreforgetful________________.
2.Sarahcan’tunderstandtheFrenchfilm.Cindycan’tunderstandit,either.(合并为一句
________Sarah________CindycanunderstandtheFrenchfilm.Itwas________cold________thedrivercouldn’tgettheenginestarted.3.Itwastoocoldforthedrivertogettheenginestarted.(保持句意基本不变
4.Alicedoessportsafterschool.Bendoessportsafterschool,too.(保持句意不变)Alicedoesportsafterschool.____________Ben.
5.Thefirewassofierce(凶猛的thatnobodycouldenterthebuildingtorescuepeople.(保持句意基本不变
Thefirewas_________fiercefor_________toenterthebuildingtorescuepeople.
6.Maryfinishedherwork.Thenshewenthome.(合并为一句)
Mary___________gohome_________shefinishedherwork.
7.Ifyouareverycareful,youwillmakefewmistakes(保持句意基本不变
The__________carefulyouare,the__________mistakesyouwillmake.
8.Nancydoesn’twanttoownacar.Alandoesn’twanttowonacar,either.(合并为一句__________Nancy__________Alanwantstoownacar.
9.Usethelinkmethodsothatyoucanimproveourmemory.(改为简单句
Usethelinkmethod__________________toimproveourmemory.
10.Youwillbeunhealthyifyoudon’tdoexerciseregularly.(保持句意基本不变
Youwillbeunhealthy_________you_________exerciseregularly.
11.Tokeeptheroomclean,weneedtowashpetdogsregularly.(保持句意基本不变
Weneedto
washpetdogsregularly________________________wecankeeptheroomclean.
12.Iwillcallthepoliceifthatnoisedoesn’tstopsoon.(保持句意基本不变
Iwillcallthepolice____________thatnoise____________soon.
13.Theicecreamwillmelt,soyou’dbetterputitinthefridgeatonce.(保持句意基本不变Theicecreamwillmelt______you______putitinthefridgeatonce.
14.LittleTomatetoomanychocolates.Hehadtoothache.(两句合并为一句
LittleTomate_________manychocolates_________hehadtoothache.
15.ThemagazineyouarereadingisJane’s.(保持句意基本不变
Themagazineyouarereading______________Jane.
16.Ericdidthesciencetestmostquicklyinourclass.(保持句意基本不变
Ericdidthesciencetest________________thananyotherstudentinourclass.
17.Ifyoudon’tcleanyourteethregularly,youwillgettoothache.(保持句意基本不变You________gettoothache________youcleanyourteethregularly.
18.Peterwillgotojail.Johnwillnotgotojail.(合并成一句
Peterwillgotojail____________John.
19.We’veaskedmymothertolookafterthekidswhenweareaway.(保持句意基本不变We’veaskedmymotherto____________________thekidswhenweareaway.
20.DetectiveKenexaminedtheroomcarefullyinordertofindsomeclues.(保持句意基本不变
DetectiveKenexaminedtheroomcarefully____________________hecouldfindsomeclues.
21.Iboughtmyprivatecartenyearsago.(保持句意基本不变
I__________________myprivatecarfortenyears.
22.Takethemaglevtrain,oryouwillbelatefortheplane.(保持句意基本不变
You_________belatefortheplane_________youtakethemaglevtrain.23.Jackwasverytall.Hewasabletoreachthebookontheshelf.(保持句意基本不变Jackwas_________________________toreachthebookontheshelf.
1.TheterribleearthquakedestroyedmanyhousesinWenchuanin2008.(改为被动语态ManyhousesinWenchuan________________bytheterribleearthquakein2008.
2.Abigfiredamagedahigh-risebuildinginShanghaitwomonthsago.(改为被动语态
Ahigh-risebuilding________________byabigfireinShanghaitwomonthsago.
3.Youwritealltheanswersontheanswersheet.(改成被动语态
Alltheanswers____________ontheanswersheet.
4.Thegovernmenthelpedthevictimsofthe11.15Fire.(改为被动语态)
The____________ofthe11.15Fire____________helpedbythegovernment.
5.Thereporterwillinterviewthewinnerof“China’sgotTalent”thisevening.(改为被动语态Thewinnerof“China’sgotTalent”will____________________bythereporterthisevening.
6.MyfriendJoneswrotesomearticlesaboutmemorylastmonth.(改为被动语态
Somearticlesaboutmemory______________bymyfriendJoneslastmonth.
7.Wegavetwopandas,KaiKaiandXinXintoMacaoasagiftlastyear.(改为被动语态Twopandas,KaiKaiandXinXin__________________toMacaoasagiftlastyear.
8.Wecancompletetheworkaheadoftime.(改为被动语态
Theworkcan________________________aheadoftime.
9.Mr.LichosetenstudentstotakepartintheEnglishreadingcontestlastweek.(改被动)
Tenstudents______________totakepartintheEnglishreadingcontestbyMr.Lilastweek.
10.Paulmadethreemodelplaneslastyear.(改为被动语态
Threemodelplanes______________byPaullastyear.
11.Myfatheroftenusesacomputerinhiswork.(改为被动语态
Acomputer________often________inmyfather’swork.
12.Recently,peoplefoundahugeegginachickenhouseinEngland.(改成被动语态Recently,ahugeegg____________inachickenhouseinEngland.
13.Theartistswillpaintmorebeautifulpicturesinthefuture.(改为被动语态)
Morebeautifulpictureswill____________________bytheartistsinthefuture.
14.WewillbuildmoreundergroundlinesinShanghaiinthefuture.(改为被动语态
Moreundergroundlineswill________________inShanghaiinthefuture.
15.WecanseepapercuttinginmanypartsofChinaduringtheSpringFestival.(改被动
Papercuttingcan__________________inmanypartsofChinaduringtheSpringFestival.16.Theythrewsomerubbishintotheriveratnightdaysago.(改为被动语态
Somerubbish______________________intotheriveratnightdaysago.
(对划线部分提问
________________isShanghaiNo.1DepartmentStoreopen?
2.(对划线部分提问________________hasLucyworkedinthiscompanysinceshegraduated?(对划线部分提问)__________________youinterviewsomeofherneighbors?对划线部分提问
__________________thelittleboygetupearlyinthemorning?
5.BobpreparedfortheNewYear’(对划线部分提问)______________________BobpreparefortheNewYear’spartyofourclass?
6(对划线部分提问
____________________didtheShanghaiWorldExpolast?
7.对划线部分提问
______________theoldmanandhiswifelivetwentyyearsago?
8.(对划线部分提问
__________________Alicecompletethesciencetestinyourclass?(对划线部分提问
________________________havetheylivedinHongKong?就划线部分提问__________mycousinsoftenkeepintouchwiththeirfriends?对划线部分提问______________Aliceboughtsomepaperflowers?
12.Cheng’eII(划线部分提问
________________didChang’eIIRockettraveltothemoon?(对划线部分提问
____________istheirnewcompanyfromthecitycenter?对划线部分提问____________________hasUncleDaminusedcormorantstocatchfish?
15.John’对划线部分提问__________________isJohngoingtomeettheexchangestudentsfromtheUS?
16.isheldforababy’sfirst-monthbirthday.(对划线部分提问
__________________heldforababy’sfirst-monthbirthdayinChineseculture?对划线部分提问
_______________________isitfromheretothePeople'sSquare?
垃圾分类,人人有责
地球是人类美好的家园,在宇宙里是一个非常美的蓝星,可是在地球里却有很多臭水沟、黑色浓烟……这都是怎么一回事呢?其实大部分都是垃圾填埋法和垃圾焚烧法造成的,让我细细道出它们俩办法的特点吧!
垃圾填埋法:简单地说也就是把垃圾放进人类事先挖好的大坑里,在用泥土稍微盖上去。可这种办法根本没用,除了可以不在生活中看见垃圾。可是在垃圾上面的土壤是寸草不生,不能在房子,也就是说这里是一个弹丸之地。经过人类多年来的改进,将衬垫隔离了土壤与地下水,将臭气从排气管排到高空,下雨造成的污水不会外泄,可这里还是不能造房子,所以这个办法怎么说都是不好的。
垃圾焚烧法:这种办法可以快速将垃圾“消失”,缺点有费电、有遗留物、黑色费烟……可这个方法受到了大多数政府的一致肯定,因为填埋法又破地又破财而且没什么用。垃圾分类主要用于垃圾焚烧法,第一步将可回收垃圾排去,剩下别的垃圾;第二步是将有害垃圾与其他垃圾这些干垃圾用普通火烧掉;第三步将厨余垃圾用电烧去。这样可以有效减少费电情况。
虽然垃圾分类很重要,但是减少垃圾“生产”更重要,所以人人都要担当起这个责任。
文题要清楚地向人透露文章的议论话题、大致内容乃至基本观点,使人一看就明白文章的论题,或者是文章赞成什么,反对什么。简言之,鲜明就是要有透明感和清晰感。如《责任重于泰山》、《走创新之路》等。
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