1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
要是说起让我尊敬的一个人,要数那位和蔼可亲的清洁工爷爷。起初,我认为他没什么特别,可是,通过这件事,清洁工爷爷在我心中的形象慢慢变了......
有一天放学回来的路上,可能是前天晚上着凉了,早上一直不舒服,胃里翻江倒海,我拼命忍,怎么忍也没忍住,还没走到家就吐在了小区的马路上,差点连肠子都要吐出来。正当我难受的时候,一个穿着清洁工服装的人,推着一辆臭味扑鼻的垃圾车走过来,他弯下腰看看我,关切的问:“小朋友,你怎么了,哪儿不舒服呀?爷爷来给你帮忙。”这时,一股难闻的味道迎面扑来,更难受了。“没事,不用你管。”我赶紧捂着鼻子,斜着眼睛地瞪了他一眼,心中暗想:哼,脏啦、臭啦,赶紧离我远点儿。爷爷可能意识到了什么,没有再上前,只是站在远处担心地看着我。
我吐完以后,人也舒服多了,就慢慢往家走。快到家门口的时候,我下意识的用眼睛的余光扫了一下刚呕吐的地方,只见清洁工爷爷正拿着扫把慢慢地打扫我刚吐出的脏东西。不一会,地面又洁净了,丝毫看不出有人吐过的痕迹。我见了很感动,并对他产生了强烈的好奇心,从那以后我就悄悄地关注他。
半年多时间过去了,无论刮风下雨,他都会准时出现在小区里清理运送垃圾。他除了做好份内事,还不厌其烦地向人们宣传要保护环境,对被毁坏的草地及时采取补救措施。为了美化小区环境,他还经常发动小朋友一起种花种树。当有人遇到困难的时候,他总会不计报酬,热情帮助。我被爷爷这种默默无闻、无私奉献的精神所感动。他是一个社会责任感强的人,他是一个爱岗敬业的人,他是一个乐善好施的人。他是一个多么令我尊敬的人啊!
1.不行。“有人说”表明只是一种说法,尚未得到证实。去掉三字,变成肯定说法。说明不准确。
2.(3分,每空1分分类别举例子作比较
3.不能。从古书知道商代已使用筷子,但始于何年,尚待考证。
4.用筷子更文明。今日西餐上的刀叉,是过去刀叉的缩短,仍摆脱不了它原始、野性的痕迹。而筷子是手的延长,早从原始的野性是异化出来了。
构成:__________________________________
伤对象:__________________________________
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
1.说明了微波武器的伤力(答“作用”或“攻击作用”也给分
2.构成:主要由高功率发射机、大型高增益天线和瞄准、跟踪、控制等系统构成。伤对象:①伤人员②干扰和烧毁武器系统中的电子设备及元器件③还是隐形武器的克星
3.①下定义、分类别、作诠释、列数字、举例子、打比方。②示例:第四段运用举例子的方法,说明微波武器的攻击目标非常多。
4.不能删去。加上“可能”说明目标在强微波覆盖区受到的攻击的机率就高;去掉“可能”说明目标只要在强微波覆盖区内就必然受到攻击,语言表述不准确。
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