许多研究语言中的歧义现象的学者都认为,我们说话和写文章都应力求“准确、简明、生动”,避免歧义。不过歧义也并不只有消极的作用。在我们的日常生活中,歧义同样也产生了积极的作用,如在商业广告、政治宣传中,歧义都达到了很好的幽默诙谐的效果。本文从语法、词汇和语音的角度分析了英语中的歧义类型。当然,有些提法还有待商榷(比如因“完全同形同音异义词”引起的词汇歧义,由“意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词”引起的语音歧义等,以便进一步探讨。
目前,学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。
某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文,标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。
请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下:
注意:1.短文必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥;
2.短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3.词数:100左右。
4.参考词汇:作弊cheat(v.)
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.____________
One possible version
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。
有人选择看电影,有人则喜欢读原著。
请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer”为题,按照下列要点写一篇英语短文:
1、看电影:省时、有趣、易懂
2、读原著:细节更多、语言优美
3、我的看法及理由
注意:1、词数:1502、参考词汇:original work或book in the original(原著)One possible Version
Film or book, which do you preferis that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what’s more, I am able to better understand the author’s ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
冬日的午后,阳光倾洒,宛若芬芳的'浓稠美酒。
慵懒的双眸被耀目的冬阳催开,触目所及,皆是一片暖橙之色,心也被这柔柔的阳光填满。
我起身走动,空气中漾动着红枣的甜蜜气息。隔着玻璃,我瞥见一个熟悉的身影,视线追随而去——是母亲。
倚着半掩的房门,方才模糊的身影在眸中渐渐清晰:只见母亲系着平日里的碎花围裙,裙上的浅黄花瓣在雾气的氤氲中愈发灵动,恍若散发着缕缕馨香。母亲双眼注视着锅中的食材,右手执木勺,小心地在锅中慢慢作弧形搅拌,左手则虚握着锅柄,透着一股专注。袅袅的热气伴着丝丝缕缕的馨香从锅中逸出,挑拨着我的每一根味觉神经,母亲的面庞也在水汽中若隐若现,生出几分朦胧的美感。循着浅淡的气味和锅内浓稠的汤汁,我猜,母亲是在熬银耳汤吧。
不久,母亲便放下了手中的木勺,关了天然气。将锅内的银耳汤倒入碗中,精致的瓷勺落入碗底,发出一声清脆的“咚”,和着温润的阳光,叩击心扉,柔柔的,暖意在心中酝酿。
冬阳的沐浴中,母亲捧着碗推开玻璃门,径直走向餐厅,眼睛瞥见了立于一旁的我,她微微一愣,恰似行云流水间的一丝留白,而后朝我笑了笑,招手示意我品尝。我握起瓷勺,在碗里轻轻画着圈。只见饱满圆滚的红枣吸足了汤汁,在似裂欲裂之间,露出了里面杏黄色的枣肉。颗颗圆润的莲子好似洁美无瑕的珍珠,在暖黄色汤汁的浸润下,泛着奇异的温润光泽。碗中的银耳显得尤其硕大,托扶着莲子和红枣,宛若冰清玉洁、雪镂冰雕的盛放之花。三者经过巧妙的结合,似是一幅赏心悦目的静态画,那袅袅热气更是美的点缀,香气就这样晃晃悠悠地沉入心底,温暖一片。
我舀起满满一勺,放入嘴中,莲子的清香苦涩与红枣的馥郁甘甜相结合,宛若一颗巧克力加牛奶的太妃糖,既不是单纯的甜腻,也不是独有的苦涩,恰似母爱的芬芳绵长。经过烹煮的银耳脆中带柔,和着甜糯浓稠的汤汁,伴着爱的温暖,缓缓流入心底,暖了胃,更暖了心。一旁的母亲浅笑不语,静静地望着吃得不亦乐乎的我,时光因为这一刻的温暖而定格。
我轻呷一口银耳羹,馨香缕缕,情意浓浓,让这份爱伴随着母亲的温暖留存于心底。
暑假即将来临。
你班同学讨论了假期计划,提出了不同看法。
请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。
注意:1.短文必须写在答题卡的指定区域,词数80——120(不含已写好部分)。
2.短文必须包括表中所列要点,可根据内容分段表达。
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
4.参考词汇:眼界——horizon(或view)
One possible version:
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.
However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.
In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.
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