The story includes three parts. They are respectively talking about: Gulliver in Lilliput, in Brobdingnag, and in Houyhnms.
Gulliver travels to the South Seas. On their way to the East Indies, a strong wind carried them to the wrong way. Most of the people died. Some days later, he comes to Lilliput, everything is small there. Three days later, he comes to Brobdingnag. This country is opposite from Lilliput, the thing are huge, very huge! Then he travels to a place called Houyhnms, which is also very interesting.
Since reading this book, I know less than their own, not because of learning one or two do not go well and lose confidence, but more test well, the more to be a good test. From now on, I do not care what kind of difficulties encountered, we must face with confidence, insisted in the end, and never flinched. I would like to thank the book, thanks to it so that I have learned so much knowledge, it let me know how to thank so many reason, let me know for its own lack of timely and correct their own shortcomings, so that I become a socially useful people. Sharks may be seen as a blow to eat our success and happiness. But as the child said: "It does not beat you, it does not." A real strong, can only be destroyed can not be beat. Solely, which is "Old Man and the Sea" tells us.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
"Celebrity biography" perfectly confirms the old adage of Chinese people: the people of ancient and modern times are not only talented but also resilient. Romain rolland holds the three artists in their respective fields together to restore the high morality of 20th century literature and restore its colorful character. Beethoven from flash light to enjoy the reputation of the peak to the bottom of your life, poor tragic from childhood to old age in the pursuit of happiness the twists and turns of life, just as the Roman. Roland described as "his whole life was like a thunderstorm day". From it, I realized that Beethoven has always been in the struggle against the fate, and ideological struggle, even though he gives a person a sense of pride, but his heart a fragile, a strong, are people who do not know him unable to dig. The passion for creating the perfect song, the dedication to seeking joy, and the perfect encounter, made his life become a force of nature. A primitive force between the rest of the ingredients of that kind of engagement with nature, the Homer epic spectacle ", he in his own misery in casting, joy "with joy" pain is sufficient to enrich his life. Michelangelo was not "he is powerful, he was born to fight, to conquer, and he conquered -- he did not win." That's not what he's looking for." He was a spiritual aristocrat, a genius, but he was troubled by genius, and his spirit and soul were powerless. This crazy spark exists in an overly effeminate body and mind that cannot control its terrible life. From this I can see that his life is a sacred pain
As long as we understand the "celebrity biography to our high sublimation, and make the hero of the blood is in front of us at the moment, the hero of the red flag flutters on our heads, we will feel slowly, in the people from the sublime, farewell, lofty and the mediocre society, our soul has also been sublimed as a.
1 No one can deny the fact that ...
2 The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3 Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
中心论点是什么?
论点一般是判断句,有判断词,或能转换为判断句。观点鲜明,支持什么,反对什么,具有很强的倾向性。找论点的方法一般有如下几种:
1.位置法
(1从题目入手,捕捉文章中心论点
①题目是一句话的即为观点。题目是中心论点有这样两个原则:a.该题目必须为肯定句;b.该题目必须为判断句。
②有的题目是由并列短语构成的,论点则是二者之间的关系。如“敬业与乐业”——“敬业与乐业的关系是什么?”文中回答二者关系的句子便是论点。(思考格式:标题+“的关系是什么”
③有的题目是由偏正短语构成的,在题目上加“是什么”,文中回答的句子便是论点。如“成功的秘诀”——“成功的秘诀是什么?”(思考格式:标题+“是什么”
(2从开头和结尾入手,捕捉文章的“中心句”。
论点在文章开头点出的,即所谓开宗明义、开门见山提出论点。论点在文章结尾点明的,大多有表总结性的词语,如“所以、总之、因此、总而言之、归根结底……”往往先提出分论点,层层论述,在结尾处归纳出中心论点。
(3看中间,提炼论点。
有的文章在中间提出中心论点。如《敬业与乐业》开篇先引用《礼记》《老子》中的“敬业乐群”“安其居、乐其业“,然后才引出中心论点:我确信“敬业乐业”四个字,是人类生活的不二法门。
2.通过论据反推论点
分析论据,无论是事实论据还是道理论据,都是为证明论点服务的,看它证明什么问题,肯定什么,支持什么,即可得出文章的论点。
3.摘录法
议论文一般只有一个中心论点,有的议论文还围绕中心论点提出几个分论点。如:《怀疑与学问》中:中心论点:“学者先要会疑”“学则须疑”。分论点一:怀疑是从消极方面辨伪去妄的必要步骤。分论点②:怀疑是从积极方面建设新学说启迪新发明的基本条件。区别中心论点和分论点要明确:分论点是用来补充或证明中心论点的。
[注意]分清论题和论点:
论题:作者要议论的现象、问题、事实,没有任何褒贬感情倾向。它规定和限制了文章的论述范围和重点,不表明是否正确。
论点:作者的观点,有明确的褒贬感情倾向,即肯定或否定、赞扬或批判,论点中一定含有主语、谓语。
本段采用了什么论证方法?有何作用?
答题步骤:分清事实论据和道理论据
事实论据包括有代表性的事例、确凿的数据、可靠的史实等,所用的事例可以是具体的,也可以是概括的。道理论据一般包括人们公认的正确可行的道理、格言、名人名言、原理、定理等。
[注意]答题时往往要求答出直接证明的那个观点,这个观点未必是全文的中心论点。
【答题格式】这是……论据,在文中起着证明……(证明论点,如果有分论点,则写出所证明的分论点,否则写中心论点的作用。
为本文/本段补充一个论据
【答题格式】按照“人物/事物+体现该文或该段观点的关键词+具体事+结果”的公式,最好是名人事例,切忌张冠李戴、细节失真。还要注意字数简洁。
该段运用了什么论证方法,有什么作用?
1.辨别论证方法:按举例论证——比喻论证——对比论证——道理论证的顺序进行排除,这样可以快速确定且保证万无一失。但要注意的是论证方法的运用不一定是单一的,有时是两种或几种方法兼用。包含文章内容较多、篇幅较长的且鲜明地论证了论点的自然是主要的论证方法,反之则次之。在答题时要把握由主到次的答题顺序。
2.分析论证方法的作用,具体如下:
(1举例论证:通过举具体的事例加以论证,从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。
【答题格式】使用了举例论证的.论证方法,文章列举了什么什么的事例,具体地有力地证明了什么什么的论点(如果有分论点,则写出它证明的分论点,否则写中心论点,从而使论证更具说服力。
(2道理论证:通过讲道理的方式证明论点,使论证更概括更深入,更有信服力。
【答题格式】使用了道理论证的论证方法,引用某某,证明某某的论点,进而证明了什么什么的中心论点,增加了权威性,增强了说服力。
(3比喻论证:通过比喻进行论证,使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。
【答题格式】使用了比喻论证的论证方法,将什么什么比作什么什么,生动、形象地证明了本文(段……的论点,从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。
(4对比论证:对比论证的作用就是突出强调。
【答题格式】使用了对比论证的论证方法,作者把什么什么与什么什么对比,使之形成鲜明对照,突出强调了什么什么的论点。
(5引用论证:引用论证比较复杂,这与具体的引用材料有关,有引用名人名言、格言警句、权威数据、名人轶事、笑话趣闻等各种情况,其作用要具体分析。
【答题格式】使用了引用论证的论证方法,通过引用某某证明某某的观点,使论证更有说服力(或更有趣味性,吸引读者往下读。
文中为什么举作者自己的事例?
【答题格式】
(1拉近作者与读者的心理距离,使文章产生亲切感真实感;
(2事例论证,具体有力地证明了★★的论点,使论证更有说服力。如果在开头,则接着写;
(3引出论点或论题。
第x段“xxx”词去掉好不好,为什么?
【答题格式一】不好。因为⑴“……”词有……的意思,在程度/数量/范围/语气等上起了限制作用,更加符合事实;⑵这体现了议论文语言的严密性。
【回答格式二】⑴该词去掉后语句意思发生了某某方面的变化,与事实不符。⑵去掉不能体现议论文语言的严密性。
某某代词指代什么内容?
【答题思路】
(1一般往所在句的前边找,往往是前边的那句话,或那句话的一部分。
(2找到后还要放入代词所在的句子中读读,检验是否合适。
某个段落的作用是什么?
文章开头有什么作用?
(1名言/事例/比喻开头,而且论点就在名言后边,答题格式是:①道理/事例/比喻论证,引出并证明了……的论点。如果名言比较幽默,还要写上②吸引读者阅读兴趣。
(2直接提出论点,答题格式是:开门见山,直接亮明了作者的论点。此种情况较少。
(3虽然是名言、事例或比喻开头,但后面跟的是论题,答题格式是;①引出论题,②吸引读者阅读兴趣。
(4还有一种开头不太多见。先提出一种片面甚至错误的观点,举出一些貌似能证明的事例或名言,与中心论点截然相反。答题格式是:提出错误片面观点,举出片面事例或名言,为本文树立批驳的靶子,从而引出本文论点。
文章结尾有什么作用?
(1总结全文,得出或深化论点;
(2发出号召。提出希望、展望。
请阐述本文的论证过程/思路/层次
【答题思路】
(1先提出……的论点;
(2然后用……论证方法和……论证方法证明论点;
(3最后得出……结论。
联系实际生活谈自己的看法
答题时,同意或不同意作者的观点都可以,只要观点明确,言之有理,言之有物就行,一般答题形式为“观点+理由”。
【答题格式】
(1联系原文内容或论点。
(2要有明确的观点、确凿的论据。
(3不要泛泛而谈,阐述理由时,要论据充分、典型,也就是理由恰当、全面。可以引用名言或举出具体的例子来证明自己的观点或认识。
(4语言表达要体现议论文语言简洁、准确、严密、生动、鲜明等特点。
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