在,陕西为秦国治地,故简称“秦”,在此基础上发祥和成长起来的古老而又年轻的饮食风味与历史文化结合称之为“秦食文化”,它以陕西为中心,地理位置可以拓展到整个。历史上,因当时的`政治、经济、文化、贸易的发展,陕西,尤其是,形成众多名胜,内外交流相当频繁,这也带来了陕西膳食饮馔的进步发展。
具有代表性的“秦食文化”菜谱主要由衙门菜、商贾菜、市肆菜、民间菜和清真菜等组成。衙门菜,又称官府菜,历史悠久,典雅厚实,如“带把肘子”、“箸头春”等。商贾菜则以名贵取胜,如“金钱发菜”、“佛手鱼翅”等。市肆菜以等重镇中心的名楼、名店的肴馔为主,招徕顾客,竞争激烈,如“明四喜”、“奶汤锅子鱼”、“煨鱿鱼丝”、“烩肉三鲜”等。民间菜经济实惠、富有乡土气息,如“光头肉片”、“肉丝烧茄子”、“葫芦头”等。清真菜历经明清发展,规模初具,如“羊肉泡馍”、“全羊席”,闻名遐迩。
陕西餐饮和饮食文化葆有周、秦、汉、唐等十多个王朝遗风,特色精绝,美不胜收。借历史与古都优势,陕西餐饮博采精华,兼收各民族珍馐风味,集内外之荟萃,挖掘继承历代宫廷之技艺,以品种繁多、花色奇异、民族特色浓厚、地方风味各异、古韵而著称。
但陕西餐饮业在其前期整体上发展比较缓慢,20世纪30年代以来,随着通车和抗战兴起,陕西成为中国的大后方,各地迁移至的人口急剧增加,各种风味饮食也先后入驻西安,陕西餐饮业得以兴盛。后来,从上世纪80年代西安逐渐成为旅游胜地,国内外的交往日益频繁与密切,促使陕西的餐饮业一日千里,跨越发展。伴随着“饺子宴”、“小吃宴”、“仿唐宴”、“宫廷宴”等经典餐宴的挖掘面世,还出现了一批符合各地游客需要的创新菜,进一步提高了陕西餐饮的知名度。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
早在唐代,西安(古称长安)就是全国最大最开放的城市,是全国餐饮和饮食文化的中心。唐代大诗人有:“胡麻饼样学京都,面脆油香新出炉。寄于饥馋杨大使,尝看得似辅兴无” 一诗。其实,诗中的“胡麻饼”就是我们今天吃的。
烨烨华章,名品饮食千古蕴藏。流传于陕西的各式小吃,不论是宫廷的、民间的,数量庞大,做工精细,深受中外人士的欢迎。陕西人在挖掘、整理、保留这些传统餐饮的同时,又给它增添了新的内涵。如把传统的各式各样的饺子和小吃组成使人眼界大开的饺子宴、小吃宴、仿唐宴、宫廷宴。在这里,人们吃的不仅仅是几碟菜肴,而是在品味文化与传统,感受历史脉络和民族风情。
清真菜在中国的菜系中也占有很重要的地位,陕西以牛羊肉泡馍为代表的清真餐饮近年来更是独领风,西安的老孙家、同盛祥等,则是闻名遐迩的美食店,成为各地游客的口福之地。
餐饮业是一个多面发光的镜子,打理顺畅,不仅能带来最直接的消费,而且对拉动农业、食品加工业以及解决就业等社会问题都具有重要意义。因此,大力发展餐饮业,弘扬“秦食文化”,业已成为陕西经济发展和促进旅游业的一大亮点与特色。
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