对此,执掌此项研究的美国旧金山州立大学心理学助理教授赖安·豪厄尔表示:“为什么花钱和花钱做什么一样重要,如果仅仅为了令他人印象深刻而消费某种生活体验,其中的乐趣就会一扫而光。这种外在的动机削弱了体验本身满足人们心理需求的能力。”豪厄尔此前的研究已经发现,如果消费者花钱购买的是某种生活体验,往往能够获得比购买物质产品更大的心理幸福感,因为这种购买可以帮助人们满足某些对个人成长至关重要的心理需求,如对自我胜任感、生活控制感和社会化联结的`需求。
在这项新的研究中,豪厄尔及其同事设计并启用了一套新的问卷,以测量被测者消费生活体验的动机,并将该问卷链接到一个名为“超越消费”的网站上。研究者通过该网站采集研究所需的数据,并向公众提供免费的心理测试,以判断被测者属于哪一类消费者,以及他们如何受到自己购买选择的影响。
通过对241位被测者的数据进行分析,研究者发现人们的消费动机决定其关乎个人成长的心理需求能否得到满足。那些出于自己内心的向往、兴趣或价值观取向而消费特定生活体验的人,表现出更强的满足感、幸福感和与他人之间的联结感,并感到精力得到了振奋;为了获得他人的认同而选择消费某种体验的人,则报告称感到身不由己和人际疏离。
豪厄尔举例说:“如果我是一个棒球迷,你让我把钱花在某种人生体验上,而我去买了棒球比赛的门票,这就是我忠于自己的选择,它会为我带来幸福感;反之,如果我对博物馆并不太感兴趣,而我花钱前去参观,仅仅因为它看上去是正确的选择,那么我并不会因此真的感到高兴,因为这是与我兴趣不符的选择。”
“你要问自己最重要的问题是,我为什么要花这笔钱,”豪厄尔提醒人们,“因为动机既可以增强也可以削弱购买行为带来的愉悦效果。”
Alas! Speaking of my summer vacation, that's a really rich and colorful! The most make me happy is my mother and I to play in the window of the world, playing all day. Can be happy!
Just to the gate, a Roman glass pyramid, came into our eyes, inscribed with four Chinese characters "window of the world", the word what a magnificent! I was thinking. Around the pyramid, it is a fountain of some two meters high. Is this four characters more gorgeous and colorful!
The door to watch has ended, we bought the tickets, hurried into the window of the world, we first to a call Japan laurel detached palace, here is introducing tea, wash cup, the style of tea. Because of this, I understand the style of Japanese tea.
Then, we visited some sculptures, such as: the world trade center, Japan's palace, and so on some of the building.
In this way, we then suddenly, until half past eleven we all of a sudden, forest through place, see this, I talk about playing with heart, and at work, I can't help, my mother and I immediately to start the game, wow! Good fast ah! My heart a, just relax, and nervous, just relax, and nervous,... My heart is such a.
Later, we played a lot of fun and exciting game, well, how did you feel today, I have a good time?
“用耳朵听应该比用眼睛读更能逼近语言的本质。很幸运的,我在幼儿时期,就通过耳朵充分享受到聆听语言的乐趣。”
这是《绘本之力》中,80岁高龄的作者松居直回忆小时候听母亲念故事书的感受。
我虽然帮孩子念了10年的故事书,却无法得知他们对于“父母念故事书给他们听”这件事的内心感受,只能暗自猜想、揣测。主动问孩子吗?我没想过这么做。我总觉得,有些事情是要经过时间的沉淀,美妙的滋味才会自然地发酵浮现。所以,看到松居直的这段描述,就像是看到了我的孩子道出他们未来的感受,而心有戚戚焉。
《培养孩子的.英文耳朵》这本书看似以英文学习为出发点,其实对于孩子各方面的学习都有好处。我总是小心翼翼地审视他们的“动机和兴趣”在哪里,因为这才是一切事情成功的要素,不论成功的定义是快乐人生,还是飞黄腾达,或是两者兼备。
“英文耳朵”是目标,可是促成目标的动机和兴趣,却与英文一点关系也没有。孩子听英文故事书的真正动机和兴趣是故事,不是英文。
如果你很少有机会接触童书绘本,或许很难我的话。所以,接下来我要介绍7本兴味盎然的故事书,先让父母感同身受地体会故事的美妙,才能激发父母帮孩子念英文故事书的“动机和兴趣”。就如我所说的,有了动机和兴趣,做事情才容易成功,大人小孩都一样。
st summer holiday, I took a trip to Yunnan. It is in the southern part of our country .It is really a very beautiful place grand mountains, clean rivers and kind people. Trees and flowers are seen everywhere. Every year there are lots and lots of visitors.Maybe you have heard about Shi Lin (stone forests. There are all kinds of strange stones. Some of the small stones look like graceful girls; and the big stones look like handsome men. Other stones look like cats, peafowls, double-edged swords, mice,
elephants and so on. Of all the stones, the stone like a beautiful girl in a legend is the most famous .Its name is A Shima.
I also went to Li Jiang. The roads in that city are just like the Eight Diagrams. Any road in the city goes to the center of Li Jiang. A river runs through the whole city. If you go along the river, you'll never get lost. There are many ethnic minority people in Yunnan. They are very cordial. And they all like singing and dancing. We danced with them around the campfire that night. I really had a good time.
I like the elephants and fruits there best. An elephant is even taller than me! I even mounted the elephant, though I was very afraid at first. But the elephant seemed very friendly. I took some photos with it. The fruits there are very fresh and delicious. They are very good for our health.
The trip to Yunnan impressed me GREatly. I will never forget it.
In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourists bring harm to the environment.
The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the proceof exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. This proceusually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up. Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don't have the awareneto protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.
It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past de
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past decades in the whole world. Therefore, the issue of whether the tourism will bring harm to the environment is becoming a matter of concern. As for me, I hold that the tourism does more harm than good to the world. In the first place, the more places we travel to , the more pressure will be added to the environment. Take Dunhuang as an example, the greatest scourge these days comes from the tourists who swarm here by the busload , bring destructive amounts of carbon dioxide and moisture into the caves along with their eagernefor a glimpse of ages past . Secondly, It has become fashionable for travelers to drive a private car to the place they want to . In this case ,a large number of cars are mushroomed in the road and it cause twice as much as air pollution .At this speed ,we may live in a world which is full of dirty air instead of fresh air. In sum , although tourism is playing an indispensable we`d better try to limit role in the society , I still believe that its speed according to the harm that brings to the environment.
The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. Bird flu and Sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life. Besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.
Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of "sustainable development", and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been doing.
What' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousneof the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.
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