My mother
My mother is very kind and beautiful although she is not tall.She is 42 years old this year.She is a nurse,so she is always very busy day and night.But she loves her job,and she often takes care of her patients.Of course,she also likes singing,dancing,cooking and shopping,but she almost no time to do them.
Oh,I love my mother.
描写妈妈的英语作文:
November **, ****
To Whom It May Concern:
This is to confirm that Mr. Li Dashui has worked as a full-time system analyst in the NY University since Jun 1994(or This letter is to verify that Mr. Li Dashui worked as an chemist from July 1993 to Sept. 1994. Mr. Lis main duties and responsibilities are as follows:
Design, develop and install various computer hardware, software and network systems for banks.
Determine and analyze the requirements of each system project into related componets solved through the application of computer technology.
Write specifications for computer programs, and test and implement programs for network systems and control systems.
Supervise computer programmers and other system analysts for paticular system projects.
Mr. Li has mainly taken part in the following projects:
The first engineering design of city general business computer network system.
Upgrading banks system for IBM AS/400 E45 to IBM AS/400 320, IBM AS/400 530.
The design development and test of city general business computer network system.
The design and development network and database systems for the Golden Credit Card Project.
Mr. Li is well experienced with IBM AS/400 system analysis, TCP/IP protocol, SNA protocol and LAN; proficient in RPGIII, VB, C/C++ and DB2, and skilled in UNIX, Informix, Client/Server etc.
Mr. Li is a hard-working and talented analyst, and is highly respected member in our company. If you need further information, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely yours, Singature, Zhang Jianguo
Senior Engineer and Technical Manage Company Name, Address, Tex Fax
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
记叙文就是记载、叙述我们在生活中看到、听到、经历过、接触过的一些有人物和事件的文章。写好记叙文,应掌握记叙的四个要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件(起因、发展、结果。运用这些要素时,应注意时间、地点必须具体、明确;人物的出场要能推动情节的发展,记叙的事情不论大小,都应把事情的起因、发展和结果写完整。
(一记叙文的几种表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情和议论
记叙,就是记载和叙述人物的经历、活动以及事物发展变化的经过。
描写,即以形象的语言对人物、事件、环境作具体人微的描写,给人以真切的感受。
抒情,就是抒发、表述自己的感情。
议论,就是讲述道理,也就是作者通过对客观事物的评论,来表明自己的观点和态度。
1、记叙和描写是记叙文最基本的表达方式,记叙和描写的结合,是记叙文写作的基本要求:
(1、记叙是通过一般的述说和交代,把人物或事件及其相互关系变化介绍给读者,把分散的场景、事物的片断贯穿起来,使读者对事物的发展和全貌有一个清晰的了解;
(2、描写是在记叙的基础上,用生动形象的语言,将人物、事件、景物存在与变化的具体状态作精细的描绘,造成一种如见其人,如闻其声,如临其境的感觉,使读者受到艺术感染,留下难以忘怀的印象。记叙文如果缺少描写,就会平淡苍白,主题不突出,形象不鲜明,情景不感人,当然,描写要恰当,为中心服务。所谓恰当,即突出特征,符合身份,写出变化,多种手法。
描写的方法多种多样:
A、从描写的对象看,一般有三种:人物描写,主要有肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写和心理描写等。景物描写(也称环境描写,包括自然环境和社会环境;细节描写,可以和人物描写、景物描写重叠或交*,构成人物和环境的完整描写。
B、从描写的角度看有正面描写(又称直接描写和侧面描写(又称间接描写。正面描写是作者直接对描写对象(人物、事件、环境所作的刻画和描绘;侧面描写是作者通过对周围人物或环境的描绘来表现所要描写的对象,即间接地对描写对象进行刻画、描绘,使其鲜明突出。
C、从描写的风格来看,有白描和细描。白描,即运用最简练的文字,不加渲染烘托,没有浓烈色彩的描写,不借助比喻、拟人等修辞手法,也不用或少用形容词,抓住描写对象的主要特点,描写出事物的本质特征或人物的精神面貌。叙事,线条分明,言简意赅;写人,三言两语则揭示出人物的心态,如见其人,细描,即细致具体地描绘对象,运用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法和象征、衬托、渲染等表现手法,使所写对象栩栩如生,逼真动人。
2、在记叙文中,在记叙描写的基础上适当地加以抒情和议论,不仅增强文章的感染力与表现力,而且突出文章的中心。记叙文中的抒情和议论,大致有三种情况:先叙(描后议(抒、夹叙(描夹议(抒、先议(抒后叙(描。议论和抒情的运用要从需要出发,适当运用,过多则使文章内容流于空泛。
3、在记叙文中,有时也需要进行说明,但这只能在必要的时候运用,否则用多了还会影响
(二常用的记叙顺序有顺叙、倒叙、插叙和补叙四种。
1、顺叙,按事情、人物发展变化的时间先后顺序来记叙,其优点是层次清楚,容易反映情节发展的连贯性,如《一面》。运用顺叙要注意详略、情节的衔接、变化,否则会使人感到平铺直叙,呆板乏味。
2、倒叙,即把后发生的情节提前记叙、介绍,然后再叙述发生在先的情节。这种方法能突出主题或重点,给读者留下悬念,从而吸引读者往下读,引人人胜。如《第二次考试》。运用倒叙一定要把事件起因交代清楚,而且要衔接自然,如处理不当,则会使文章前后脱节,出现混乱。
3、插叙,就是在记叙中心事件的过程中,为了帮助开展情节,暂时中断叙述的线索,插入一些与主要情节有关的内容的叙述方法。如《故乡》中插叙了对闰土少年时代的回忆。恰当地运用插叙,可以扩大题材,丰富内容,深化主题。
4、补叙,即在记叙过程中,用少量文字对人物或事件作简短的补充说明。如《这不是—颗流星》中,“我”回忆后,用对话补说阿婆已经“走了”。
记叙文是以记叙描写为主要手段,以写人叙事为主要内容的文章,大体可以分记人记事两大类,写时要根据需要来确定内容和中心。写人时,要通过具体、生动的事实来表现人物,切忌冗长、空洞的鉴定式的介绍说明,要通过人物的语言、行动、肖像和心理活动等方面的描述,来表现人物的精神面貌,才能使文章生动感人。叙事主要通过描述事件的前因后果来表达某种思想和意旨。这就涉及记叙的顺序,只要运用得好,便能收到良好的效果。而在一篇文章中,往往不只使用一种方法,常常是综合运用只要运用得恰当,就能使文章的结构更多变,安排更灵活,从而达到较好的艺术效果。记事和写人不能截然分开,只能相对地有所侧重。记事不能没有人,写人也离不开事,因为任何事件中都必然有人物活动,而人物也只有在事件中才能表现得活泼有力。记事为主的文章,事件应记叙完整,写人为主的文章,重点在于表现人物,事件则不一定写完整。
二、中考作文题型
1、命题作文
按照规定的作文题目写作,题目中往往一个词或一个短语就概括了写作范围和内容,绝大多数没有审题障碍。如广州市2000年的作文题《我二十年后的某一天的日记》;2001年是《我和水》;2004年的作文题“我也是富翁”、“假如再有一次机会”;上海市2004年的作文题“我们是初升的太阳”、“我的视线”等。
2、半命题作文
通常有三种形式:命题部分在前,如《珍惜所拥有的_______》(安徽考题;命题部分在后,如《_____让我陶醉》(江苏考题;命题部分在中间或两端,如《当我面对_____的时候》。2001年广州市中考题是《发生在的纠纷》。
3、给材料作文
命题者从预设材料中引申出作文要求或题目,学生阅读材料并按要求作文。材料作文的审题至关重要,必须读懂材料,把握材料的重点,弄清要求,按照明确规定作文。如这样一个材料:一位雕塑家完成了一座非常完美的雕塑,有人问他:“你是怎样雕出这座完美的雕塑的?”雕塑家回答:“其实,这座雕像原本就在那里,我只是将它多余的边边角角去掉而已。”其实,在人生中,你就是那座雕像,只要去掉外面的边边角角,就能获得完美的自我!而那位出色的雕塑家,就是你自己!要求考生结合自己的成长经历,自选角度,自拟题目,自定文体,写一篇文章(山东考题。而2000年广州市中考题也是“围绕自己身边的环境,自拟题目,写一篇文章。”
4、话题作文
所谓“话题”,即谈话的中心。话题作文是从命题者设计“材料”中引发一个既有开放性又有约束力的话题,展开联想和想象。话题作文具有导向性、灵活性、宽泛性的特点,近几年被广泛使用。如2002年广州市中考题以“阅读自然,阅读社会,阅读人生”为话题,2003年广州市中考题以“简单、智慧、勇气”为话题。
二、中考
记叙文写作技巧
(一紧扣命题意图和写作要求
拿到作文题目后,要先弄清楚题目的意义、范围、中心,确定文章的'体裁、题材、字数要求,再围绕中心选择材料,合理布局谋篇,运用恰当的表达方式进行写作。
1、确立准确的内容——在最短的时间内找到最适合自己的写作内容
(1思维的发散
在落笔成文前,一定要慎重,要考虑到尽可能多的写作内容。
①充分利用作文题中的提示性语言,获得写作内容
如:也许你被真挚的母爱感动过,也许你被善良的帮助感动过,也许你为奥运会场升起的五星红旗流过热泪,也许你为无私的友谊掀起过情感的波澜……
请以“感动”为话题写一篇作文,文体不限,题目自拟。
作文题中的“也许…也许……也许……也许……”的提示语,没有内容写的同学完全可以把这段话作为自己的写作材料,写母爱、帮助、友谊等带给自己的感动。
②开辟独特、新颖的角度
A、类似联想
如由“花与刺”联想到阳光与阴影、成功与挫折、优点与缺点等。
B、内敛式联想
由如“英雄”联想到课堂上的英雄、公交车上的英雄、联欢会上的英雄等
C、逆反式联想
如由“心事”联想到“我没有心事”;由“感动”联想到自己是不懂感动的人,在母爱面前一点一点被征服被融化被感动的过程。
D、虚实转换联想
如写“位置”,可以实写班级的座位、一个人的职务等,也可以虚写自己在别人心目中的地位,人在自然界中的地位等等。
(2思维的归纳
①写自己熟悉的内容——不要选择自己一知半解的事情作为写作材料。
②写自己能驾驭的内容——由自己的认知水平、思想深度和语言表达能力决定。
2、突出明确的中心
(1符合题意
准确把握文章题目的范围和内涵,注意培养明确点明中心的意识。为此,可在文章内容构思好后,围绕中心编写几句(段话,将它们安插在文章的开头、结尾或者文章的过渡、转折的地方,既提醒自己不要偏离中心,也提醒阅卷老师你有明确的中心意识。
(2提升中心的品位
①要有深刻的思想
②有小中见大的眼光
③有化实为虚的能力
④有时代意识
⑤有新颖的角度
例如:以“风”为话题的作文,可以化实为虚,由不同季节的风的特点联想到不同性格的人;可以联系时代,写社会上的各种风气;可以联系自己,写中学生中流行的一些风气;可以由风想到沙尘暴等社会问题;由风想到关于风筝的记忆┅┅
(二构思
1、探究下笔的角度
(1视角的转换
同样一件事,观察者的身份、角度、立场、观念、态度不同,得到的印象和结论也不会相同。如果我们能换一个视角来叙述生活中的平凡小事,就能发掘出新意来。如同样是写“我”在公共汽车上让座,有位同学的满分作文就改变了习惯的视角,借一位需要座位的老大爷的心灵和眼睛,生动表现了一位中学生在让座与不让座之间徘徊犹豫的复杂矛盾的心理。
(2故事新编
对于人人所熟知的材料,我们可以结合主题,从全新的角度下笔,设计出合理的细节,使自己地文章脱颖而出。如“诚信”为话题的满分作文《赤兔之》,题材出自《三国演义》中关羽走麦城一节,通过虚构的赤兔马与伯喜的对话,对比董卓、吕布、关羽等人在诚信方面的表现,最后得出“士为知己而,人因诚信而存”的观点。
故事新编必须注意三个方面:①对原着有较清晰的印象,避免张冠李戴,闹出笑话;
③想象要合理;③要突出中心。
(三表达技巧
1、重视描写的运用
(1描写人物语言——生动活泼、有个性
(2描写人物动作——细描个体动作、精写连续动作(见片段1、2
(3描写人物心理——以景物映衬、以动作和神态暗示
(4描写人物肖像——个体神态、描画笑容
(5描写景物——映衬写景(衬托人物心理、以景析理(情景交融
2、精妙的表现手法
(1借物抒情,化直接为含蓄,如《背影》
(2妙用修辞,蕴深意于物象,如片段3
(3双线展开,相得益彰,如片段4
(4借助蒙太奇(将全文所表现的内容分为许多不同地镜头,然后有机地组合起来,产生连贯、呼应、对比、暗示、联想等作用如片段5
3、展示才情和文化底蕴
Dear Sir/Madam:
As a teacher at xxxx school, I am writing to provide you a recommendation for Miss/Mr.xx so as to help you assess her/his application for acceptance into your program and consideration for financial aid.
Considered a promising student with originality and sophistication in her/his thinking, (she/he was asked, in the spring semester of 2008, to develop a subsystem of a DBMS project for her B.S.thesis, for which I was the chief leader. T
his subsystem was designed to manage the information of materials in NO.1 Foundry Plant of Dongfeng Auto Works.To do the job, she/he read many books about software engineering and took some courses in Database Principles and Management. Keenly aware that the design of a DBMS decides the quality of the whole software system, she did her/his utmost from the beginning of the project.(参加过什么活动. From analyzing users requirements to designing the whole system, from the detailed designing to the final programming, she was very level-headed and full of innovation every step of the way. Taking full advantage of her ability and creativity, she firmly focused herself on her objective and gnored all distractions. She successfully reached her goal. In the final software testing, only a few bugs were found in her subsystem. My appreciation of her talelent was thus confirmed.Miss is a very personable woman, friendly and helpful, and she has always been a team player in her work.
I would greatly appreciate it if you could give her application for candidacy to your Ph.D. program favorable consideration. Should you need any further information in your deliberation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely xxxx
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