Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
狮子在海滩上游荡,看见海豚跃出水面,便劝他与自己结为同盟,说他们是一对最好的搭挡,因为一个是海中动物之王,一个是陆地兽中陆地兽中之王。
海豚立即高兴地答应了。不久,狮子和野牛展开了一场生搏,他请求海豚助他一臂之力。尽管海豚想出海助战,却办不到。
狮子指责他背信弃义。他回答说:“不要责备我,去责备自然吧!因为它让我成为海里的动物,不许上陆地呀!”
这是说,我们结交盟友,应当选择那些能共患难的人。
强盗与桑树
强盗在路上了一个人,被路过的人们追赶。
他带着一身迹逃跑。迎面而来的`行人问他,双手为什么染红了,他说他刚才从桑树上爬下树上爬下来。正说着,那些追赶的人来了,抓住了他,把他吊在桑树上。
那桑树对他说:“我很高兴帮助人们处你,因为你了人,却把事情赖到我身上。”
当被别人毁谤为恶人的时候,有些本性善良的人,也往往会毫不犹豫地进行反击。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
一天,大鱼问小鱼们:“在一个钓钩上挂着一条又肥又嫩、肉质鲜美的蚯蚓,你们会想什么办法吃到它?”
小鱼们听了,各自挖空心思,绞尽脑汁,构想设计最佳方案,既能吃到美味,又不至于丢掉生命,什么方法才能两全其美呢?
第一条小鱼欢快地摆着尾巴说:“咬住蝗蚓的一端,使劲猛扯,把它从钓钩上撕扯下来。”
第二条小鱼说:“一点一点地躲避着钓钩慢慢吞食。”
第三条小鱼说:“猛吞钓钩上的美味,然后再快吐钓钩。”
大鱼听后摇了摇头,把他们的回答全部给否定了,然后,意味深长地说:“不要和诱惑较劲,不要总想怎样得到它,而应远离,越远越好。
古代相传,众神选择一些树在他们的特别保护之下。
宙斯选择了橡树,阿佛洛狄忒选择了石榴树,阿波罗选择了丹桂树,库柏勒选择了松选择了松树,赫拉克勒斯选择了白杨树。
雅典娜不懂他们为什么宁愿选这些不结果实的树,便询问他们选择的原因。
宙斯回答说:“这也许是我们不愿沾那些果实的光。”
但雅典娜说:“无论谁怎样说,便让他去说。因为橄榄树的果实,更显得尊贵。”
于是宙斯说:“我的女儿啊,你才是真正的聪明。 我所做的一切若有用,虚荣就是徒然的。”
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