1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
一年四季中,我最喜欢的莫过于春天。春天的到来,带给我们许许多多的快乐当然还有新的开始。 今年春天,我很快乐额。
当一天早晨,春姑娘顺着春风来到一边土地上,她呼喊着小草,小草小心翼翼得探头望,望见是春姑娘,它高兴地钻出来;小草呼叫它的同伴们,一下子土地成了草地;热心的小草们一起叫醒在它们旁边的大树们,大树晃了一晃,好似打了一个长久的哈欠;在庞大的树荫下,花儿们也陆续地钻出草面,跟着伙伴们一起迎风欢笑;到了深夜,春姑娘带了细细的春雨,小草们,花儿们和大树们欢乐地在这甘甜的春雨中劲情玩乐。
第二天早晨,我来到这边草地上,小草挂着闪耀的.露珠,像是那宝石在闪光、花儿已经开了花,变成美丽的小女孩、还有那大树,已经枝繁叶茂了。此时,那风把云吹散,太阳公公探头出来了,那强烈的阳光搞得我变热了,这时,我仿佛听见那大树在说:孩子到我这边来躲躲。”我便情不自禁地走了过去,又听到小草们在呼喊:“坐下来吧,很舒服的。”我有点质疑我是否在做梦,便索性坐了下去,紧接着那花儿朝着我说:“嘿,你看我美不美,你闻闻看我的味道,是不是很香啊!”我刚听到的时候,那花儿就朝我探头过来了。我疑惑地捏了自己一下,才知道这并不是梦。我坐在草地上,在大树的树荫下,闻着花香,享受着春天带给我的快乐!与此同时,我也在想:春天能给花草们带来快乐,花草们又带给我快乐,那我应该带给谁快乐呢?我自己希望我能把快乐带给我那些与我一同学习的同学,这样大家快乐快乐地在一起学习,互相促进,互相帮助,这是多么美好的一件事啊。我便开心地向回家的路一蹦一跳地跑回了家。
到家后,我翻了翻日历,发现离开学不久了,这意味着我将面初中二年级下半学期的新生活,又要与一群熟悉的同学欢乐地在一起共同学习,共同进步。“春姑娘是不是听透了我的心,她是不是想让我如愿以偿呢?” 我期待地想着。这阵春风把日历吹翻了几页,我觉得这是春姑娘想告诉我,她想帮我把快乐传递给我的同伴了。我迎着那春风快乐地笑了!
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