前天江老师说:“我们班的顾浩然同学放在铅笔盒里的\'20元钱突然不见了,如果有谁找到请还给他,还有一件事,我们班的陈子豪同学的铅笔盒不翼而飞,铅笔盒里还有要交给英语老师的10元钱,如果大家看见了这两样东西,请物归原主。”听见江老师讲这件事我也想起了一件丢钱案件,当天中午我在学校吃饭,我把钱包放在了书包的夹层里,等我和姚语琳吃完饭后在教室外面玩了一会,那时班上已经来了几个同学,等我回教室的时候放在钱包里的5元钱就不见了,我想起这事我就气,到底是谁干的呢?
前天下午的环保课因为没有书,所以没上课,然后同学们就在教室里“大闹天宫”。盛俊然本来坐在自己的位子上吹气球,后来不知道怎么回事盛俊然就坐到夏宇坤旁边了,在那打打闹闹,搞得我的桌子一摇一摇的,都没法写作业了,只好坐到徐蕾旁边。
上一篇的名字叫:我最喜欢的革命影视作品,我们班的顾浩然写得很好,江老师让他上讲台读,在读之前江老师让他发表一下获奖感言,他说:“我的心情从多云就转晴了。”逗得江老师哈哈大笑,如果让我讲,我会说:“现在我的心情非常的冲动,我的心情从多云就转晴了,这事为什么呢?因为今天阳光明媚,今夜多云转晴,我一定让我的作文水平犹如洪湖水,浪打浪,长江后浪推前浪,一浪更比一浪强,让前浪全部在沙滩上。
因为近期在我身边发生的是太多了,所以惊天地,泣鬼神。
一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的\'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
雅思考试有条写作指令叫做:Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以很多考生在考试时都喜欢使用举例法(exemplification。这一扩展方式本身无可厚非,然而在使用时几种例子是不适合的。
太多专业数据会给人捏造的痕迹,缺乏真实性。考官会质疑数据的出处。
例:A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一项调查显示。。。)
"65%"让文章看起来有些假,有捏造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不够具有代表性。
2. Many schools demand the students wear uniforms. Some people think that such a practice can undermine their personality and individuality. What is your opinion?
3. Some people believe that pet animals such as cats and dogs cannot be kept in the cities, especially in busy modern cities. Do you agree or disagree?
4. Nowadays, teenagers cause a lot of social problems due to lack of discipline. Some people think that parents should spend more time staying with their children. Do you agree or disagree?
5. Nowadays, many children have their part-time jobs. Some people say that doing part-time jobs is useful, but others argue that children should enjoy their childhood. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
6. Some people think if students want to learn a foreign language, it is advisable for them to learn it in the native countries where the language is actually spoken. Whats your opinion? Give your reasons.
7. In some countries, there are women taking the positions of police officers, while some people believe that women are not suitable to work in the police force. DO you agree or disagree? Write your reasons and give examples in your experience.
此类例子往往缺乏客观性和说服力,由于第一人称的局限导致所叙述事件难免“鸡毛蒜皮”。要明白,个人不代表整体。
例:I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.
这样的例子让人犹如在看记叙文,和议论文很不搭调。
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