一般这样的语句和上下文联系非常紧密,从意思上有承上启下的作用,既总结上文又可以开启下文,或者它对于上文来讲是做宾语补出主语涉及的内容,而对于下文往往做的是主语,如果删去了下文就少了涉及的对象,所以不能删。还有可能是作为原因或者结果出现的,删掉则表意不明。当然,这些情况只是对常出现情况所进行的总结,这类题型出题比较活泛,做题时还有结合具体问题具体分析。
例:2010海淀一模:“金属疲劳”不容忽视
①常见的金属总是给人一种坚硬无比的感觉。其实,在各种外力的反复作用下,金属也可以产生疲劳,而且,一旦产生疲劳就会因不能得到恢复而造成十分严重的后果。2002年5月25日,华航波音747-200型客机,由台北中正机场飞往香港途中,坠毁在澎湖外海,机上225名旅客及机组人员全部罹难。科学家经过考察和分析后判定,飞机失事主要是制作飞机的金属材料产生疲劳断裂而致。金属疲劳是十分普遍的现象,单就桥梁而言,仅在1938~1942年的4年时间里,世界各国因金属疲劳而损坏的便有40座。金属疲劳的现象同样会在人们的日常生活中发生,如行走中的自行车前叉折断、炒菜时铝铲折断、挖地时铁锨断裂。
18.结合第①段画线句的内容,说出“单就桥梁而言”这几个字不能删去的两个理由。(2分
答:如果删去“单就桥梁而言”,就无法与前面的“普遍的现象”相呼应;同时使后面的“损坏”一词缺少了涉及的对象。
(共2分。与“普遍的现象”相呼应1分,“缺少了涉及的对象”1分
对策:(1考虑与上下文的呼应性
(2考虑是否是上下句的主语或宾语
(3考虑是否是上下句的原因或结果
需要强调的是,以上这些都是公式,首先要熟记于心。但答题时一定要结合文章的具体内容来回答。如果只按照公式去套题干中的词语,是不能得分的。同学们需要做的就是结合文章内容,然后按照说明文的答题思路去分步解题。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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