议论文作文结构框架【一】
。议论文分论点并列式有效模式
在议论文写作中，不少同学时常犯这样的毛病：一篇文章在亮出观点之后，接下来便是举例，举了一个又一个，看看字数差不多了，便收尾简单照应一下中心论点。结果形成了“论点+论据”的格局，这样的文章，再好也只能是及格上下。也有的同学能拟写几个分论点，但又存在这样那样的问题（如：硬贴标签），从而影响作文得分。
当一篇议论文的中心论点明确之后，如何准确地分解成几个分论点，这是写好议论文的一个重要环节。分论点是与中心论点相对而言的，但又从属于中心论点，为论证中心论点而服务。
一篇文章围绕中心论点，一般要分解出两个以上的分论点，这样既摆事实，又讲道理，文章才有说服力；如果不设置分论点，或者分论点立得不好，中心论点就得不到有力的证明。 那么，如何设置分论点呢？下面介绍几种常见的分解方法。
议论文作文结构框架【二】
议论文作文结构框架【三】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
议论文作文结构框架【四】
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
议论文作文结构框架【五】
还有四十五分钟就要交卷了，我心里默念着，手心里冒出了细微的汗。很快，我的手上都可以滴出水来了，我的心不由自主地加速了跳动的频率
马上就要交卷，我的作文仍一个字没动。都怪我太失算了，前面的基础知识题就花了我90分钟，当我看到手表指针指向10：30时，我大叫不好，差点喊出来让监考老师听到了。到那时，我就不用担心作文写不完了，因为我肯定已经被逐出了考场。
再看看作文题，这位为作文命题的智者，我真该谢谢他(她，这个时候我就是再怎么灵动也想不出怎么写水的灵动啊。换一个吧!乖乖!山的沉稳。我都紧张成这样了，他(她还想让我写沉稳。我的心又是一阵狂跳
五分钟后，我的心出奇的静下来了。紧张，是没有用的，那玩意不能让我写出一篇作文来。我得仔细地构思一下，以山的沉稳的心态。嗯!一个绝妙的念头(至少我认为是绝妙的在我脑海中一纵即逝，我忽然明白了什么叫水的灵动。
嘻嘻!我狡黠地一笑，继续构思起本人的大作来。无意中扭头一看，天哪!就剩四十分钟了，我眼泪都要流出来了，我可是苦读了十一年啊!可不能让一篇作文把我即将到手的正果给毁了。
我继续静下心构思起来
嗯差不多了，还有半个小时，估计够写，美中不足的是，得为我的大作起个名字。一个平凡无比但又非常实际的题目呈现脑中，我一激动就写了上去。
我的心终于完全静了下来。哈哈，看来我也是具有山的沉稳这一个性的嘛!即使偶然会山崩或滑坡，也掩盖不了我沉稳的本色。对了，我肯定还有水的灵动的优点，很明显嘛，只有双剑合璧才能写出如此大作来。
至于最后评卷时，评卷老师喜欢不喜欢，我倒不甚介意，因为究竟我把作文写出来了。这是我的成功，高分谁不想得，但那是要凭实力的。
议论文作文结构框架【六】
翻译是受关联理论影响最大的学科之一。德国学者Gutt认为，翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程，它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据语境进行动态的推理，而推理的依据就是关联性。关联性就是制约翻译的基本原则，翻译的成功与否在于原交际者的目的和读者（听者）的要求在认知环境方面与原文相似。关联理论引入翻译研究，对翻译理论和实践都具有指导意义。
美国著名语言学家、翻译理论权威尤金·奈达博士也认为：“翻译就是交际。”他指出，信息如果不能被读者接受则丧失其交际作用，而译文如果起不到交际作用，不能为读者所理解，就是不合格的。
原作者和译者都是通过交际意图把信息告诉各自的读者，因此，要做到忠实于原作者的交际意图，这就需要译者首先要理解原文，并根据关联原则找到各种信息的最佳关联，获得最佳的语境效果，最终做出一个最能体现原作者交际意图的译文。成功的译文是使译文读者可以不必花费较多的努力就能获得与原文读者相同的语境效果，并能准确地理解原作者的交际意图。
关联理论把翻译看作是一个交际过程，而翻译过程包含作者与译者之间的交际和译者与读者之间的交际这两个交际过程。因此，译者不仅要有准确理解作者交际意图的能力，还应充分考虑译文环境下译文读者的认知能力，帮助译文读者找到与译文语境之间的最佳关联，达到最佳交际效果。译者作为原文的读者接受来自原文本的信息，这些信息提供的动态语境与译者的认知语境相结合，产生译者对原文本的理解。在理解过程中，译者运用自己的语言知识和推理能力努力达到对原文作者意图的最接近的理解，从而做到对原文的“忠实”。然而，译文忠实于原文的程度依赖于译者对译文读者的了解。如果译者不顾译文读者的认知语境和知识结构，将原文原封不动地呈现给译文读者，只会使译文读者不知所云，导致交际失败。例如，如果把“Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard。”直译为“据说家家户户的壁橱里至少都藏着一具骷髅。”就会使译文读者困惑不解。此译文只是对原文的表面意思做了传达，并未传达原文的真实意义，对于不了解西方文化背景的译文读者来说就很难以理解。然而。如果将其翻译为“常言道：壁橱里藏骷髅，丑事家家有。”这样，译者就找到了原文与译文语境的最佳关联，译文也更易被中国读者所接受，译者就达到了完成作者与译文读者之间最佳交际的目的。
译者作为原作者和译文读者之间的桥梁，其主要任务是保证两者之间交际的成功。为了保证原文作者和译文读者之间交际的成功，译者可以采取各种翻译策略来帮助译文读者找到原文与译文语境的最佳关联，达到最佳的交际效果。因此，译文读者在这一交际过程中的角色是不容忽视的。译者需要对译文读者的`认知结构和知识结构有充分的了解，做出准确的判断，对译文的表达方式做出适合译文读者的选择。如对《红楼梦》中的谚语“谋事在人，成事在天”的翻译，霍克斯直接引用英语谚语“Man proposes，God disposes。”撇开原作中的佛教色彩，使译作带上了基督教色彩，从而使原文作者曹雪芹向译文读者靠近。
翻译是语际意义的转换，意义问题是翻译的核心问题。在翻译过程中，既要重视语言本身，也要重视在不同的语境中语言所要表达的真正含义。语境在关联理论中又称为语境假设，不仅包括上下文和说话时的社会环境，还包括百科知识和当时感知的信息，这些信息并不构成一个单一的语境，而是一系列语境。在话语理解中，人们只是选取某一特定语境对信息进行推理。交际能否顺利进行，主要看听话者能否选择正确的语境。Sperber和Wilson提出了动态的语境观。语境不是静态的，而是在话语理解过程中不断选择的结果。很多情况下，交际者的交际意图可能会和话语的字面意思不一致甚至相反，这就要求听话者结合自己的认知结构和百科知识及推理能力找到与说话者的话语信息相关的语境假设，通过推理正确的判断说话者的交际意图。例如：“She is a fox。”译文有“她是只狐狸”、“她是个狐狸精”或“她是个时尚迷人的女人”在中英文化中，“狐狸”都可以与狡猾、诡计多端的人联系在一起，但当“狐狸”与女性联系在一起，汉语与英语就有了不同的文化色彩。如果译者不了解中英不同的文化语境，按照中国人的认知思维，把fox翻译成“狐狸精”，那无疑是错误的，因为在英语中，它指的是时髦迷人的女子。因此，译者应该对原语进行文化推理，获得最佳的语境效果才能得出准确的译文，达到交际的目的。
议论文作文结构框架【七】
也许，我们从来都是认为自己是一个普通人，没有真正的体会，我们永远也不会知道什么叫做身在福中不知福，，不知道，其实，我们都是幸运儿，我们都拥有上帝的眷顾。
星期五下午，因为身体不适，所以请了一节课的假，让妈妈带我去医院检查一下，从医院出来，已经将近12点了，我们便匆匆回家，在京客隆门口，我们看到一个阿姨和一个跟我年龄相仿的女孩在卖菜，妈妈走过去想买点菜，我便也跟了过去，妈妈在挑菜，我无聊的四周，目光无意重与那个女孩相撞，我看到她的眼睛直勾勾的望着我身上的校服和肩上的书包，一直盯着，我不知道是不是我把校服脱了她就不会一直看着我了，我只觉得我很不习惯这样长时间的被别人欣赏。
妈妈在一旁叫她，让她帮忙称菜，我终于听到了她的声音：4块1，收您4块吧!天啊，那声音沙哑的仿佛饱经沧桑，如果用我的声音与她相比，简直堪称天籁!，现在轮到我欣赏她了，她应该被我看的很不好意思，便起身向一旁走去，我向我应该知趣的把视线从她身上移开了，可是我却努力寻找借口向把目光继续停留在她身上：我要看看她的裤子好不好看。
我的眼睛就这样定格在她的腿上。
她是一个小儿麻痹患者
妙龄少女，豆蔻年华，不在安静的教室里读书，却冒着正午的太阳帮母亲卖菜!我知道，在她出生的那一刻就伴随着她的人生的一万种可能，如今应该都消失的差不多了吧
妈妈叫我快点回家了。
我和她的目光最后撞击一瞬，然后我就留给她一个完美而残忍的背影。
我开始庆幸，庆幸我是幸运的，我有家人疼我呵护我，我有朋友帮助我，我有老师教育我，我有同学鼓励我，我才醒悟，幸福就是这样，有好多人可以依偎
我是幸福的，起码我不用在烈日下卖菜。
我是幸福的，起码我可以上学，可以在宽敞明亮的教师里读书。
而对于她，我只能替她默默的惋惜，我没有那么大的本事帮她改变命运
下午跟同学结伴上学，我们谈笑风生，我又看到了她，她正把一袋子菜慢慢的放在称上
议论文作文结构框架【八】
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
