导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
我爱笑,我常常微笑,我把微笑当成一种习惯。快乐便如影随形。
——题记
我人问我:“你有什么天大的喜事,怎么每天都笑呵呵的?”我总会面带微笑地回答:“为什么不笑呢?笑是一天,哭也是一天,与其哭泣不如微笑,何乐而不为呢?”人生在世,不如意的事十有八九,用微笑去面对,笑看人生,其实一切都没什么大不了的。
我曾读过一篇名为《十二次微笑》的文章,里面讲述了一个因“微笑”而感人的故事。在飞机上,由于一个空姐的疏忽,一位乘客误了吃药的时间,因此很生气,扬言要想航空公司投诉这位空姐。面对乘客的责骂和威吓,没有针锋相对,反而一而再,再而三地向乘客道歉,先后十二次,并十二次露出微笑。这位乘客终于被感动,他收起了怒容,亲切地表示了对空姐的原谅,不但如此,他将原来准备写的投诉信改写成了感谢信投给了航空公司。
从这简单的故事中,我们到了一个人生的哲理——微笑是战胜困难的制胜法宝。
在学习中,也是如此。
闷热的气氛笼罩着整个教室,一眼望去,教室里的考生都闲适地坐在座位上,检查着试卷,只有我还在奋笔疾书。监考老师催道:“还剩五分钟,没有答完的请抓紧时间。”顿时,我的心想热锅里的蚂蚁——急得团团转。这道难题到底怎么解?难道这次数学又要考砸吗?怎么办?到底怎么办?我的心变得无比急躁。在紧张之中,我的大脑里突然闪过一个成语——静能生慧,于是,我闭上双眼,让自己平静得像清澈见底的湖水,睁看眼,然后自己给自己一个自信的微笑,心想:相信自己,一定行。我仔细地研读问题,探究着其中的奥秘,终于解开了,我飞快的写下答案,满脸是满意的微笑。
“铃铃铃”交卷时间到了,我自信满满地走向了讲台,感觉真好!
朋友,热爱微笑吧,当微笑成为你生活的一种态度,生活中的那些不快和灰霾,将会烟消云散。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
当现实如此残酷的时候,当我们的距离这么一步一步的伸长的时候,每次望见你的时候,我的心都在痛,泪在流,如果可以重新来一遍的时候,我想到的一定会是你的感受,不会这么自私,不会把你的关心看作理所应当,不会了……
爽朗的天空却没有带来如天的心情,你正在气头上,我不应该像原来一样把你的心情不当回事。我那时候完全不知道事情的原委,那样不顾及你的感受,在你的面前眉飞色舞的说那么多。当你实在听不下去的时候,当你用含着泪水的眼对我说:我太过分的时候,我竟然还那么不知好歹的和你争吵,竟然没注意到你的泪水已经落下来了很多,地上已经湿了。当我生气的摔门而出的时候,我竟然没注意到你望着我的背影,心在默默的哭泣。
小新对我说,你的母亲那天去世了,你所以才哭的那么伤心,我崩溃了,我此时想到了你以前对我种种的好,那些场景就像放映机一样在我的脑海中重新放映了一遍,我哭了,我不该那样的。我哭着去你家找你,发现你正在家做饭,看见我来了,也只是简单的含蓄了一句,再也没有像原来一样那么关心我了,我很伤心。你说:当我的母亲去世的时候,我那个时候最需要你的安慰,但你却一句话也没有安慰我,还说了那么多伤我的心的话。我是个懦夫,我虽然对你有感情,但是我也有自己的尊严,我可以等你,但是我等不到最后,你要是留这吃饭的话,你就留吧,如果你想走的啊话,我不挽留。此时,我的泪水已经浸满了眼眶。
不是都说:天使也有犯错的.时候,所以应该给每个人一次机会,我承认我错了,这都是我的不好,我不该伤你,你原谅我好不好,我不会再这样了,我希望我们之间的距离能够缩短。冰释前嫌,我希望在我们之间不是一个梦。
您好!
我是顺庆区凤天路龙景苑小区的业主,现住在龙景苑小区二栋一单元6-2,因我们单元的七楼住户7-2在楼顶阳台违规建造一层楼(现已出租),对我们单元的住户造成了严重的安全隐患;加之七楼住户在自己的阳台上种树,造成树根对墙角挤压开缝,本身阳台没有处理好,雨水直接渗入六楼,浸入五楼。修建当时,本人的房屋出租,在外打工,不知道七楼业主违规搭建一事,知道今年年初,本人装修房屋才发现。于是本人多次找到七楼业主要求进行处理,但七楼业主置之不理。后小区物管找到七楼业主,但他态度极其恶劣,物管也束手无策。后又将此事告知舞凤街道办事处周家坝社区居委会,社区领导实地察看现场后,确认严重违章搭建,责令七楼住户限期于2013年4月28日前拆除,并处理好自己的'阳台,防止水继续往下渗,但至今七楼住户仍然没有拆除。于是,本人将这些事上报给南充市城管执法龙局长(龙涛),龙局将此事交给了谢副局长处理,下面附有书面证明。但是到今时今日,此事被大家渐渐遗忘,事情最终还没有得到处理。我曾经给您打过3次电话,但至今没有任何的回复。应该不是您本人接的,第一次他说,这件事他知道了,会转告给您;第二次他说,这件事已经转到顺庆片区,让我等待解决;第三次他说让我再网上给您写一封信,引起大家的关注。七楼的住户的行为严重影响着我们全家的生活,恳请市长您出面实地进行察看。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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