1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
I like the carefree life in the countryside, the peaceful field road, roadside farm courtyard, a flowing stream... All is not desirable.
The morning the sunrise, singing yet, will the people wake up, sleep has injected new vitality for them, hard-working farmers began to a day of activities. Occasionally, walk the path in the field, there are a few root of wheat quietly into his trousers, slight shaking, like a naughty ground say "hello" with me. Wayside brook, there are a few small tadpoles swam in merry, a few dragonfly flying through the surface, rapid fly to the sky, with one, happy and comfortable. Then, several children run from the front of the past, what are they doing? Oh, the original is chasing the dragonfly. In the blink of an eye, they are submerged in the dense grain, but the scream of joy still legible.
At noon, yellow pink sunflower blossoms against the midday sun. Sitting in the yard of a peasant, listening to the cicadas on the buttonwood tree birds, occasionally there will be a flower cat through the legs. At this time, walk the crook, will feel at ease and pleasure.
Evening, on that day a small hillside, a dwarf tree, is a layer of golden rays of the sun on the plating, seems to be a picture of a frozen xieyi painting, a beautiful memories. In the last fading light in that moment, everything in the world and becomes quiet, birds don't call the dog bark, even forget the old cow is eating grass, quietly staring at the direction of the setting sun...
Rural night, the stars in the sky like the people of the earth, and the number is countless. At this point, lying in a rocking chair and looked at the bright sky, felt at ease. Quiet comfortable night, overworked of a day of men in blast a cry, the exhaustion of the end of the day, sweet to sleep.
What a beautiful country life! So intoxicating, so desirable! I pursue the country life is full of poetic!
我喜欢无忧无虑的乡村生活,那宁静的田间小路,路边的农家院落,潺潺流动的`小溪……无一不令人向往。
晨光微曦,一声声清脆的鸟鸣,将睡梦中的人们唤醒,为他们注入了崭新的活力,勤快的农民开始了一天的活动。行走在田间小路上,偶尔有几根麦子悄悄地钻进裤腿,轻微的晃动着,像是在调皮地跟我打招呼。路旁的小溪里,有几只小蝌蚪在快活的游动着,几只蜻蜓从水面上掠过,急速的飞向天空,你追我赶,快乐而又惬意。紧接着,几个孩子从面前飞奔过去,他们在干什么呢?哦,原来是在追那些蜻蜓。一眨眼的工夫,他们就淹没在了浓密的麦穗中,但那快乐的叫喊仍清晰可辨。
中午,一朵朵粉色的太阳花迎着正午的烈日绽放。坐在农家的院落里,听着那棵梧桐树上的蝉鸣鸟叫,偶尔会有一只花猫从腿间穿过。此时,漫步溪边,一定会感到轻松,愉悦。
黄昏,在那洒落日的小山坡上,一棵矮树,被太阳的余辉镀上了一层金黄色,似乎一幅被定格的写意画一样,美得令人心醉。在最后一抹余晖消逝的那一瞬,世间的一切仿佛都变得安静了,鸟不叫了,狗不吠了,连正在吃草的老牛也忘记了一切,静静的注视着落日的方向……
乡村的夜幕降临了,天上的繁星就像地上的人,数也数不清。此时,躺在摇椅上,望着那璀璨的星空,心情无比舒畅。寂静安逸的夜晚,劳累了一天的农人们在阵阵蛙鸣声中,结束一整天的疲惫,进入甜美的梦乡。
多么美好的乡村生活啊!那么令人沉醉,那么令人向往!我追求充满诗情画意的乡村生活!
Country Garden and Me
On the way from Panyu City to Shunde City and approaching the conjunction point of both cities, a big advertisement board of the infamous Country Garden will catch your eyes. And on the board, a lovely girl gently holds a little white pigeon.
She looks at everybody with a sweet smile. Who is this girl? Let me tell you later. Country Garden is located at the Beijao town, Shunde City of Guangdong Province. Ten years ago when my Dad and Mom took me as a baby to Guangzhou, it was a wasteland here. But what does this piece of wasteland look like nowadays? Country Garden has been developed and enlarged rapidly on the ground of this land, and a great number of high-quality houses and apartments have been built up within the garden. Over the past decade, other nine country gardens with various unique designs have been erasing around the great city of Guangzhou. The construction and management of several gardens have engaged the devoted contributions from my Dad and Mom.
Country Garden has grown up together with me, and I am one of the witnesses of its growth and development.
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的'时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling) at us and heard the birds sing (singing) their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful)。
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother) wait (waiting) for us at the door.
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的`时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
One Sunday my mother (Mother had (made me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling at us and heard the birds sing (singing their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful.
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother wait (waiting for us at the door.
乡村游记
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的'歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
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