考研英语作文框架怎么写【一】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a student of our university, who often spend my spare time in our library. Generally speaking, our library provides quite good service. However, I still have some suggestions for you to upgrade the quality of your service.
To begin with, I would like you to prolong the open time. In the daytime, most students are having classes. To continue, some books are too old/ are out of date. It would be better if you could replace them with updated materials.
I sincerely hope to have a comfortable library. And I would be highly grateful if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
考研英语作文框架怎么写【二】
Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to
1 make a complaint, and
2 demand a prompt solution.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I bought/ordered an electronic dictionary from your online shop on January 1st, but I found it has some problems after using it for a short period of time.
To begin with, the battery needs recharging after a mere 2 hours of use. This means that I need to carry my charger with me when I go out for a day. In addition, the buttons on the electronic dictionary are so small that it is nearly impossible to type anything with them. Personally, I found this to be completely unacceptable.
Therefore, I would like either to change for another model that works well or a full refund. I am looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
考研英语作文框架怎么写【三】
翻译是受关联理论影响最大的学科之一。德国学者Gutt认为，翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程，它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据语境进行动态的推理，而推理的依据就是关联性。关联性就是制约翻译的基本原则，翻译的成功与否在于原交际者的目的和读者（听者）的要求在认知环境方面与原文相似。关联理论引入翻译研究，对翻译理论和实践都具有指导意义。
美国著名语言学家、翻译理论权威尤金·奈达博士也认为：“翻译就是交际。”他指出，信息如果不能被读者接受则丧失其交际作用，而译文如果起不到交际作用，不能为读者所理解，就是不合格的。
原作者和译者都是通过交际意图把信息告诉各自的读者，因此，要做到忠实于原作者的交际意图，这就需要译者首先要理解原文，并根据关联原则找到各种信息的最佳关联，获得最佳的语境效果，最终做出一个最能体现原作者交际意图的译文。成功的译文是使译文读者可以不必花费较多的努力就能获得与原文读者相同的语境效果，并能准确地理解原作者的交际意图。
关联理论把翻译看作是一个交际过程，而翻译过程包含作者与译者之间的交际和译者与读者之间的交际这两个交际过程。因此，译者不仅要有准确理解作者交际意图的能力，还应充分考虑译文环境下译文读者的认知能力，帮助译文读者找到与译文语境之间的最佳关联，达到最佳交际效果。译者作为原文的读者接受来自原文本的信息，这些信息提供的动态语境与译者的认知语境相结合，产生译者对原文本的理解。在理解过程中，译者运用自己的语言知识和推理能力努力达到对原文作者意图的最接近的理解，从而做到对原文的“忠实”。然而，译文忠实于原文的程度依赖于译者对译文读者的了解。如果译者不顾译文读者的认知语境和知识结构，将原文原封不动地呈现给译文读者，只会使译文读者不知所云，导致交际失败。例如，如果把“Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard。”直译为“据说家家户户的壁橱里至少都藏着一具骷髅。”就会使译文读者困惑不解。此译文只是对原文的表面意思做了传达，并未传达原文的真实意义，对于不了解西方文化背景的译文读者来说就很难以理解。然而。如果将其翻译为“常言道：壁橱里藏骷髅，丑事家家有。”这样，译者就找到了原文与译文语境的最佳关联，译文也更易被中国读者所接受，译者就达到了完成作者与译文读者之间最佳交际的目的。
译者作为原作者和译文读者之间的桥梁，其主要任务是保证两者之间交际的成功。为了保证原文作者和译文读者之间交际的成功，译者可以采取各种翻译策略来帮助译文读者找到原文与译文语境的最佳关联，达到最佳的交际效果。因此，译文读者在这一交际过程中的角色是不容忽视的。译者需要对译文读者的`认知结构和知识结构有充分的了解，做出准确的判断，对译文的表达方式做出适合译文读者的选择。如对《红楼梦》中的谚语“谋事在人，成事在天”的翻译，霍克斯直接引用英语谚语“Man proposes，God disposes。”撇开原作中的佛教色彩，使译作带上了基督教色彩，从而使原文作者曹雪芹向译文读者靠近。
翻译是语际意义的转换，意义问题是翻译的核心问题。在翻译过程中，既要重视语言本身，也要重视在不同的语境中语言所要表达的真正含义。语境在关联理论中又称为语境假设，不仅包括上下文和说话时的社会环境，还包括百科知识和当时感知的信息，这些信息并不构成一个单一的语境，而是一系列语境。在话语理解中，人们只是选取某一特定语境对信息进行推理。交际能否顺利进行，主要看听话者能否选择正确的语境。Sperber和Wilson提出了动态的语境观。语境不是静态的，而是在话语理解过程中不断选择的结果。很多情况下，交际者的交际意图可能会和话语的字面意思不一致甚至相反，这就要求听话者结合自己的认知结构和百科知识及推理能力找到与说话者的话语信息相关的语境假设，通过推理正确的判断说话者的交际意图。例如：“She is a fox。”译文有“她是只狐狸”、“她是个狐狸精”或“她是个时尚迷人的女人”在中英文化中，“狐狸”都可以与狡猾、诡计多端的人联系在一起，但当“狐狸”与女性联系在一起，汉语与英语就有了不同的文化色彩。如果译者不了解中英不同的文化语境，按照中国人的认知思维，把fox翻译成“狐狸精”，那无疑是错误的，因为在英语中，它指的是时髦迷人的女子。因此，译者应该对原语进行文化推理，获得最佳的语境效果才能得出准确的译文，达到交际的目的。
考研英语作文框架怎么写【四】
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
考研英语作文框架怎么写【五】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
考研英语作文框架怎么写【六】
写信七要素：类似于一个写作提纲，每段写什么内容等都说的很清楚。具体如下：
人称：Dear sir or madam/Mr.X/Ms....
第一段
自我介绍：My name is...，who...交待与收信人的关系
写信目的：一句话直接明了的表达
第二段
内容：三句话最多五句话写完
第三段
感谢：第三段第一句
回信：一句或两句
落款：右下角sincerely yours，
Li Ming
以上写信七要素包括：人称、自我介绍、写信目的、内容、感谢、回信和落款。其实，除了书信格式等必不可少的东西之外，剩下的基本就是写作段落布局。仔细看看，其实也没多少句话。按照这个布局，围绕以下几个重点展开最后的冲刺，拿下小作文并不难。
对于书信格式，同学们要格外注意。阅卷老师首先瞄一眼看格式对不对，然后再看其他。如果还没掌握格式，那就抓紧时间熟悉。还有一点，去年给出的写信人也就是落款是Li Ming，而不是Zhang Wei。但是，去年就有同学根本没仔细看写作要求，落款还是写的Zhang Wei。这种低级错误今年就不要再犯了。另外，要多熟记背诵相应的素材。
高中三年的学习内容可分为前两年在学习新知识，高三一年后期在全面复习旧知识，那么该如何利用有限的时间尽快复习旧知识呢?利用错题集无疑是做好的方法。今天为大家讲讲该如何利用错题集。
(一不会的题
这类题，主要表现在智力因素培养方面，一般出自知识结构性错误，重做几遍错题是十分必要的，至于具体是几遍这要视你自己对错题的把握的'熟练程度而定。
知识结构性错误是我们在初步学习时，没有建立起自身知识结构体系，或者在建立自身知识结构体系时存在了一些漏洞与错误认识。
对策：处于不同学习层次的同学要根据自己的实际情况，加强训练和记忆，培养自己的宏观思维方式，因人而异地确定自己的学习目标、步骤和解决问题的方案，并且有效地进行目标时间管理和知识结构体系的建立。
(二眼熟而不会做的题
对于模棱两可似是而非的错题，通过分析，可以发现是把公式给弄混淆了?还是把公式给用错了?是理解错了?还是记忆错了?通过训练可以有效地增进智力因素。这类问题往往是一点就通，容易被人忽视。比如巧妙设置在题中的隐含条件、限制条件和关键词语等等这类问题，往往一点就破，一般会认为自己是弄懂了的，只是没有发现而已，实际上是概念模糊。有的则是自身知识结构体系脉络不清，以致给出错误答案。
对策：对题目的常规解法和特殊解法缺乏自己的归纳总结。
(三会做而错的题
这类问题最容易被人忽视，常常会自以为是地认为是粗心所致，只需下次注意就行了，自己是不会再犯这个错误的，然而，往往却事与愿违，又重复犯相同的错误了。
比如考生还没看清条件就急忙解题，可能是观察得不够仔细，判断得不够准确，也可能是考试策略不当，或是心理心态不稳，还可能是缘于外界的干扰刺激，更有可能是平时练习不到位，仅仅是为了完成作业而作业，或做题缺乏针对性，成天盲目做题，忽略了做完题后的回顾和反思，以及平时就缺乏慢审题快解题的训练。
对策：做完题后进行回顾和总结的习惯，这对增强自己的审题和解题能力很有帮助。
(四考试策略失当的题
这主要表现在非智力因素培养方面，首先要认识清楚自己是思路不清还是思路受到了干扰。比如遇到复杂一些的考题，便心生恐惧，头脑发懵以至造成失误，或缺乏答题的时间观念。面对比较有把握的考题也自我怀疑，答题时犹豫不决，这也会在一定程度上强化不良的考试情绪，干扰解题的思路。
对策：这与心理紧张、心态失衡有关。在答题时要从容不迫沉着冷静，这需要平时加强非智力因素方面的训练和培养。
(五粗心大意的题
这主要表现在非智力因素培养方面，由于马虎出错导致丢分是一个普遍存在的现象，于是大家往往就变得心安理得，还会原谅自己：“这些题我都会做，就是粗心否则就是满分了，我今后要注意改。”说说能改吗?还要找找粗心的原因。
对策：找准失误的原因，对症下药，才能养成良好的学习习惯，同样，改进自己的学习行为可以有效地调整自己的学习状态。通过对错题本中的错误类型进行分析，抓住主要问题，确立自己的近期的学习目标，将错误逐一消灭掉，就能有效地提高成绩，更重要的是，还可以有效地提升自己的学习境界，培养自己的综合素质及能力。
