科斯以四个实例论证其观点的本质,并表明其普遍适用性。
甲对乙的侵害对乙来说是损失,但,如果不让甲侵害乙,同样会对甲造成损失。
如果甲胜诉,乙会找甲谈判,表示:如果甲放弃对乙的权利,乙会给甲补偿,而且补偿大于甲不放弃权利的收益。(乙对甲的补偿小于乙因此带来的.收益。这样,甲乙可以达成协议。
如果乙胜诉,甲会找甲谈判,表示:如果乙放弃对甲的权利,甲会给乙补偿,而且补偿大于乙不放弃权利的收益。(甲对乙的补偿小于甲因此带来的收益。同样,甲乙可以达成协议。
因此,无论如何,在交易成本为0的情况下,甲乙都会通过谈判实现产值、利润最大化,资源配置最优化。
甲对乙的污染或侵扰固然是一种侵害。但,如果不让甲侵害乙,会使甲受到侵害。问题具有交互性,处理这个问题要全面权衡利害关系,“必须从总体的和边际的角度看待这一问题”。
假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的.状况给校长写一封信,内容应设计食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。
January 12.
Dear Mr. President,
My name is Li Ming. I am a sophomore of the law school. As the school year is drawing to a close, I venture to write a letter to you about the canteen service on campus which has given rise to much complaint among students.
The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. The rice is just like bullets and the buns are like hand grenades. They are too hard for us to chew. And the vegetables are so overcooked as to lose their nutrients. The fish and meat are not given full measure. The only thing we are satisfied with is the free soup. However, the price of the food is surprisingly high. If we have 3 meals all in the canteen, at least twelve yuan is gone to keep our body and soul together. As a result, many of us go out to have meals.
Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved, with the wall painted and some Chinese calligraphy works posted up. But there are only two canteens on the campus. As the number of students is ever increasing, there is not enough space and seats to allow us to have our meals there. The attitude of the service staff to the students is not hospitable at all.
All in all, there is still much room for improvement as far as the canteen service is concerned. I hope we will not suffer for another two years.
Best regards.
Sincerely Yours
Li Ming
© 2022 zuowencangku.com,All Rights Reserved.