Although winter means cold weather, I love it all the same.
I think winter is a beautiful season, especially when it snows. Snowflakes fall down naughtily. They fall on branches of trees, on roofs of houses and on wheat fields. Soon the whole earth will be dressed in white. Everything is shining in the sun. Every time it snows, I will remember an old saying, "Winter has come, can spring be far away?
Winter morning is very beautiful, not letter, please have a look at --
Pushed open the door to go out every morning, the bitter wind blowing, with ing to me from time to time. And, occasionally, there will be a naughty little snowflake swirl to fall down, just like dancing. Hexagonal snowflakes all kinds: some like silver needle, some like leaves, and as a scrap of paper... It looks good. Fall to the ground, as if the earth covered with a thick blanket; Fall in the trees, like putting on the silver; Fall in the car, like freshly baked fresh cream cakes. This beautiful snow makes people immersed in the fresh air. White everywhere, beautiful.
However, most can make people in the home can be the first to feel the breath of winter is the window on the ice, some like a forest, mysterious; Some like a stream, as if to flowing; Some like Santa Claus, as if to give people gifts... Winter girl is really ingenuity!
At the club, it is a sea of people, very lively. People wear thick cotton-padded clothes, like cotton. He (she is acpanied by beautiful music, for morning exercise.
Artificial lake on a thick layer of ice, some naughty little classmate play bat on the lake, there were laughter from time to time, the surface of the lake. ......
In winter, very cold. To be honest, I do not want it to e, but it es, but I have a strange feeling. Oh, I love winter, because winter "of the wind tests the strength", I love its character.
作为当今最有影响力之一的语言学理论,功能语法以社会学为导向,着重语言的功能性研究。其创始人韩礼德从儿童和成人的语言学习角度将语言功能高度理论化。根据韩的观点,儿童所使用的最原始的语言能够被简概为一套高度编码且抽象的功能,其中包含三个元功能(纯理功能):概念功能(ideational function),人际功能(interpersonal function)以及语篇功能(textualfunction)[1]。概念功能进一步被细化为和逻辑功能,表述在我们周围及自身所发生的事情,称之为“内容(content)”。概念功能通过及物性(transitivity)来实现,及物性由六个过程组成,即物质过程,心理过程,关系过程,行为过程,言语过程和存在过程。
功能语法把用来表达一系列概念意义,抽象和具体的外部世界,以及人的意识过程的结构单位叫做小句(clause),即句子或类似句子结构的统称。一个小句包含三个功能成份:过程(process),参与者(participant),和环境(circumstantials)。其中主要成份过程代表事件或状态,参与者即从时间,地点,方式等各个层面参与的人或事功能语法,而具体的参与者功能取决于过程类型。语言的及物性和作格性能够帮助将过程进行归类,及物性把经验世界看作是一套可控的过程模式。简而言之,及物性是与概念元功能相一致的小句语法,及物性分析能够定义不同的过程类型并由此决定过程的参与者,从而明确过程与参与者之间的逻辑关系[2]。
在韩提出的六个过程中,物质,心理和关系过程是最主要的。他们作为经验理论,是语法的奠基石,呈现三种截然不同的结构,是篇章中所有小句的主体。同时,韩提出了一个假设,这三个过程在整个语言中的分布频率大致平衡。然而,他自己也承认,此理论未经证实[3]。韩礼德用来阐释六个过程的小句皆为简短且相互独立无关联的句子,而此后的相关过程模式研究也仅仅探究了口头语篇或主观自创的例句cssci期刊目录。
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