Although winter means cold weather, I love it all the same. I think winter is a beautiful season, especially when it snows. Snowflakes fall down naughtily. They fall on branches of trees, on roofs of houses and on wheat fields. Soon the whole earth will be dressed in white.
Everything is shining in the sun. Every time it snows, I will remember an old saying, "Winter has come, can spring be far away?
虽然冬天意味着寒冷,但我仍然热爱冬天。我认为冬天是一个美丽的季节,尤其是下雪的日子。雪花像玲珑剔透的小精灵,调皮地飘落下来。它们落在树枝上,屋顶上和麦田里。很快整个大地都银妆素裹起来。
太阳出来后,万物都闪烁着光芒。每次下雪,我都会记起一句格言:“冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”
要提高学生的口语水平,就要分析影响学生口语水平提高的主要因素。笔者在近几年的教学中发现,影响学生口语能力提高的原因是多方面的,但主要有以下几个因素。
教师的口语能力教师自身素质参差不齐,如部分教师的口语能力不强,不能自如地进行口语交际,无法胜任课堂交际活动的组织和指导工作。同时,教师授课任务繁重,在职进修培训较少,口语水平的提高很难有质的飞跃。
教师的教学理念有些教师没有充分认识到口语的重要性,仍然把学生能否通过有关考试看成是语言学习是否成功的唯一标志。这种理念导致教师对学生口语能力培养的忽视,在课堂上很少有时间对学生进行口语训练,使学生失去了宝贵的语言交际的机会。
教师的教学方式有些教师的课堂教学模式、教学方法与手段较为单一,仍是“满堂灌”和“填鸭式”的教学方法,教师讲,学生听,教师读,学生跟。只是一味强调语言点的教学,不重视口语教学,忽视语言的交际性,除基本的课堂用语外,教师使用口语交际的空间范围不大,师生之间没有形成讲英语的氛围。
学生的口语基础由于高职学生生源的多样化,学生入学时的英语水平出现了群体差异。比如,普通高中学生基础较好,语法知识、读写能力有一定优势,但他们习惯了以听讲、记笔记为主的教学方式,不太适应更为灵活的以开口说为主的方式;对口升学的学生学过一些与专业有关的英语知识,有一定的知识面,但基础不太牢固,更不用说口头表达能力了。总之,学生是为通过中考、高考而学英语,注重的是笔头训练,缺乏听、说、读、写的有机结合,特别是忽视了英语口头表达能力的培养。进入职业院校后,相当多的学生仍旧遵循中学时养成的学习习惯,啃语法,没有对口语能力的培养给予足够的重视。
学生的学习心理口语的主动性、交际性、公开性、灵活性给学生形成了心理上的压力。中国学生大多性格内向,缺乏自信,害怕讲得不好有损面子而不敢开口。在课堂上,教师要花很多时间鼓励学生用英语表达,经过鼓励,学生才慢慢思考,小心谨慎地讲出一个句子。这样一来耽误了时间,完不成教学任务,教师便不再对学生进行鼓励训练。久而久之,产生恶性循环,越不开口讲就越不会讲,越不会讲就越怕开口讲,使学生形成心理上的障碍。
语言环境一个良好的语言环境对于提高学习者的口语能力往往起着潜移默化的作用。学习者常常是在不经意中受到良好的语言熏陶,从而培养出较好的语感和语言习惯。但由于客观条件的制约,很多高职院校尚未建立完备的外语环境,以致许多学生走出英语课堂,就很少有进行口语练习的实践机会,自然也难以培养自觉说英语的习惯。
测试手段测试手段往往是学习的指挥棒。到目前为止,高职英语水平测试主要采用笔试(含部分听力),而口语考试一直没有组织。这从客观上影响了教师和学生对口语的重视程度以及在口语训练上的积极性。
Winter morning is very beautiful, not letter, please have a look at --
Pushed open the door to go out every morning, the bitter wind blowing, with ing to me from time to time. And, occasionally, there will be a naughty little snowflake swirl to fall down, just like dancing. Hexagonal snowflakes all kinds: some like silver needle, some like leaves, and as a scrap of paper... It looks good. Fall to the ground, as if the earth covered with a thick blanket; Fall in the trees, like putting on the silver; Fall in the car, like freshly baked fresh cream cakes. This beautiful snow makes people immersed in the fresh air. White everywhere, beautiful.
However, most can make people in the home can be the first to feel the breath of winter is the window on the ice, some like a forest, mysterious; Some like a stream, as if to flowing; Some like Santa Claus, as if to give people gifts... Winter girl is really ingenuity!
At the club, it is a sea of people, very lively. People wear thick cotton-padded clothes, like cotton. He (she is acpanied by beautiful music, for morning exercise.
Artificial lake on a thick layer of ice, some naughty little classmate play bat on the lake, there were laughter from time to time, the surface of the lake. ......
In winter, very cold. To be honest, I do not want it to e, but it es, but I have a strange feeling. Oh, I love winter, because winter "of the wind tests the strength", I love its character.
Winter grandpa quietly come to earth, a day and a night under the swirl of snow, the white snow, like the earth mother clothed with a robe.
Morning, dong dong and cc a listen to mom said its snowing, go and dress they wake up face, and then immediately ran into the yard and the children playing together.
The yard good lively! Some kids skiing in joyfully, some in jubilantly make a snowman, and in a snowball fight fiercely, its interesting! Dong dong and he also joined their ranks, cc to roll a big snowball, while others are responsible for the snow together, dong dong vigorously piled the snow together. He stood up, yi? As a something! So she quickly ran home, running said: "I go home to take something!" After a while, he was holding a small bag excitedly ran out. First she mysteriously from the bag took out two round and the little black button in the lovely face of light snow person, then took out a root long thin carrots in below the eye, and then take out a piece of red pepper do snowman mouth labeled, then on the ground to find two young trees on both sides of a fork in a snowman, a lively and lovely snowman was born. Last winter winter took off his scarf and hat to wear of light snow person, snowman has become more lifelike.
Spring is coming, winter winter and cc after learning home found that accompany the yard daily snowman is missing, they were very sad. Mother cant bear to see them so sad, and told them: "light snow men afraid of you sad just wrote a letter to you, quick to see!"
Winter grandpa left, and I began the New Year, I thank you gave me life gave me dressed up so pretty! Accompany I had a great winter! I really dont want to leave you! See the next winter.
针对上述影响口语教学的主要因素,只有及时采取正确有效的.措施,才能全面提高学生的口语交际能力。
提高英语教师的专业水平,增强其口语交际能力各高职院校领导要把教师的在职教育提到一个新高度来认识,大力支持在职教师的继续教育。要制定英语教师进修、轮修计划,确保教师的知识更新、观念更新。各高职院校的英语教研室可以定期组织“英语沙龙”,加强全校英语教师的口语训练,有条件的院校可以聘请外教对英语教师进行定期的口语培训,使其口语交际能力增强,适应教学的要求。英语教师也要自觉加强理论学习和口语训练,提高自身的专业水平。 确保全英的、互动的课堂教学方式英语教师的教学理念发生了变化,专业水平提高了,口头交际能力增强了,这一切都有助于他们全面进行课堂英语的口语训练。全英教学时时刻刻提醒学生是在上英语课,不要说汉语。教师在讲授时说到学生听不懂的词语或短语可以写在黑板上,用简单的英语来释义,但不要说出汉语意思,给学生营造一定的语言环境,“逼”着他们开口说英语。同时,教师要加强研究课堂教学方法,激发学生的兴趣,引导学生积极主动参与,让教师的“教”成为一种引导,而学生的“学”成为课堂活动的主体,使课堂成为以学生为主,运用口语交流的活跃的学习场所,从而形成互动的教学模式。在互动的教学过程中,教师可以用提问的方式导入新课,引起学生的兴趣,启发他们思考。同时,教师的提问也给学生创造了一个运用英语进行口头表达的机会,使学生能够自然而然地进入语言的运用过程。在词汇、语法的教学中,可以采用教师讲解、学生造句的方式进行训练和检验;在对话学习中,可以采取让学生分角色表演的方式;在课文学习中,可以采取教师讲解后让学生进行复述的办法。教师也可就课文内容联系实际提出问题,让学生展开讨论。开展讨论练习初期,教师不必苛生语句表达得准确无误,关键是让学生张口讲英语,鼓起用英语发言的勇气,并养成习惯。
帮助学生克服心理障碍,鼓励学生大胆开口讲英语英语教师要使学生明白英语是一门语言交际工具,学英语不是单纯学语法而是要使用它来进行交流。要学会说,不要顾及语法是否正确,只要让别人听懂就行,多给学生开口说英语的机会。比如,上课时可抽出五分钟时间让学生轮流进行班级报告,这样既锻炼了他们的胆量,也锻炼了他们的口语水平。另外,还要对学生的进步及时表扬,对基础较好和较差的学生平等对待,特别对内向、腼腆的学生要多予鼓励和关心,使其克服紧张、羞怯的心理障碍及对母语的依赖性。有条件的院校可以请外教给学生上口语课,使学生消除心理障碍,信心大增,兴趣大大提高,这样其口语交际能力就会水到渠成地上一个新台阶。
学校、教师、学生齐努力,营造良好的语言环境除了营造一个良好的课堂语言环境外,还应大力改善课外的语言学习环境。电教中心和计算机中心的开设是外语教学的两大辅助手段。电教中心可以提供内容丰富、语音纯正的英语磁带、光盘、录像带等音像材料;计算机中心则可以利用多媒体技术辅助教学,让学生更多地接触真实的语言环境,身临其境,潜移默化,带着一种轻松愉快的心情学英语。这样,学生学到的不仅仅是书本上的英语,而且也是用于交际和工作的英语,使口语交际能力得到提高。另外,高职院校还可开通英语调频广播,在规定的时段播放外语节目,开播闭路电视,尽可能为学生创造良好的语言环境。大力开展丰富多彩的第二课堂活动,也是改善高职院校整体外语环境的有效手段之一。例如,成立英语角,每周组织一次活动,每次都有学生感兴趣的话题,每次活动可由口语较好的学生组织,也可有2~3名英语教师参加辅导。还可由学校组织开展诸如演讲比赛、朗诵比赛、课本剧表演大赛等活动,寓教于乐,使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中训练口语表达能力。学生自己也可发起“宿舍英语日”活动,舍友之间用英语进行日常交流,掀起说英语的热潮。
改革测试手段,强化口语培养不论是学校、教师还是学生本人,对全国或者省、市组织的统一考试都十分重视。可能是限于条件,口语测试一直没有。建议有关部门认真组织研究,就高职高专英语口语能力测试的标准、方式及内容等有关事项制定方案并尽快落实。
总之,高职高专英语教学的主要目的是在有限的学时内培养和提高学生的英语实际运用能力。高职院校的英语口语教学也应在这一教学目的指导下,确定合理的教学目标,改变过去的教学模式,采用科学的课堂教学方法,开辟丰富多彩的第二课堂,努力提高学生的口语交际能力,从而为社会培养更多的合格的高级应用型人才。
参考文献:
[1]Gillian Brown,George Yule.Teaching the spoken language[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983.
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The Children's Park
A new park for children has been set up to welcome' the coming of Children's Day,
The park is in the south of our city, covering an area of 500 mu。 Entering the park you can see statues of children in different races, hand in hand,which is the symbol of the world peace。 In the middle is a lake, around Which are all kinds of trees and flowers。 There are many boats on the take and some children are boating happily, To the south of the lake is a hill with a lot of monkeys on it。 The Children's Pa]ace lies to the east, in which all kinds of exhibitions are on show。 To the west of the lake is a place for children to play, where there are many recreational facilities。
I'm sure the children in our city will have a happy festival this year。
儿童公园
为迎接儿童节的.到来,新的儿童公园已经落成。
公园位于城南,占地500亩。走进公园,你可以看到不同种族的儿童雕像,手挽着手,象征着世界和平。中间有一个湖,周围有各种树木鲜花,湖面上有很多小船,孩子们在愉快地划着。湖南面有一座猴山。少年宫在湖的东面;里面有各种展览。湖的西面是一个儿童游乐场,里面有各种娱乐设施。
我相信我们市的儿童今年会度过一个愉快的节日。
There are four seasons in a year, spring means reborn, the trees bee green and the flowers get boom.
In the summer, the weather is hot while in the autumn, the weather is cool, the winter means cold. Among the four seasons, I like the winter best, though it is cold, I enjoy the weather.
I don’t have to bear the hot weather, when I sleep, the warm makes me feel so fortable, I have the good sleep. What’s more, I can play the snow, I like to build all kinds of snowmen, I play with my friends, we are enjoying the moment.
I like winter so much, it brings me so much happiness.
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