1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
仿佛是前世的约定,两颗年轻的心在那个青春的夏季相遇、相识、相知,与生俱来的默契,让我们仿若双生花,盛开在曼妙年岁。
你说你最爱海棠,因为你的名字就是她。
还记得我们一起去看海棠花,满院错落有致的海棠,如花海。我们站在树下,抬头是一片海棠花织成的红色天穹,阳光从密密的海棠花的罅隙中射下,如梦如幻。你抬头兴奋地看着花,侧影像海棠花一样动人。
海棠花宛若从古代诗词中走来的闺阁女子,一笑倾城,再笑倾国。记得你说过,海棠无香。的确是这样,没有蜜蜂蝴蝶,海棠开得很安静。
我躺在树下休息,不由地就想起了你,想起了我们一起走过的岁月。无论是我生病时你泡的一杯热茶,还是我失落时你温暖的鼓励,还是开心时我们的欢声笑语,还是难过时的互相安慰,这些点点滴滴都永远镌刻在我的脑海中,无法磨灭。
那时突然觉得你就是海棠花,内敛,沉静,你为我所做的一切都是那样默默的,毫不声张,理所当然的样子。就像这海棠花,尽管开了满树娇嫩的花朵,却不张扬,依旧安静地固守一份淡泊。
临别前你送我的那盆海棠,如今开得很盛,像你的笑颜。想起你对我说:“你不要嫌弃它没有香味!”你眨着明亮的眸子,一脸笑意。你不知道,我早就不在乎海棠没有香味了。“爱惜芳心莫轻吐,且教桃李闹春风。”我想,海棠是有香的,只是莫轻吐罢了。
就像你,平凡朴实如海棠花,内敛低调,却让我踏过一段铺满海棠的'道路。
你带着海棠般的清新和宁静走进了我的生命里,如今虽然你已走出我的生命,却留下了一段海棠花般红润的岁月。纵然你已远去,纵然我们一起走过的路成了过往,我依然能够感受到,你还站在我的记忆中,扬起你的笑脸,身后开满了一树无香的海棠。
我回过头去,看见你在我的记忆里撒下一路海棠,那是我们一起走过的美好时光。
点评:文章开头简练而精当,点题的同时,自然而然地转入回忆,引出下文。文章如行云流水,叙述自然生动,语言朴实清新,衔接自然连贯。开头结尾互为照应,紧扣文章题目,结构紧凑而不板。全文以“海棠花”为回忆的主线,将海棠花赋予人的品质,以海棠花的品质映射出海棠花似的人,平凡朴实,内敛低调……文中语句 “海棠是有香的,只是莫轻吐罢了”更进一步突出了这一特点。在文中,所怀念的是海棠花似的友情、海棠花似的岁月。这种怀念,似乎也像海棠一样,不轻吐那淡淡的离别的感伤,只让它如海棠花般在记忆的深处静静地开放,暗自芬芳。
细品全文,人如海棠,岁月如海棠,文章亦如海棠。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
托着下巴的我,透过窗户对着清冷的夜空又一次地唉声叹气。“哎,英语好难啊。”望着这一个个似是而非的选项,我的脑袋里好像被蛀空了一般,如同外面的夜空——黑漆漆的,又似一团团乱麻,越缠越杂。“灵感啊,你快闪一闪吧?”我边敲打着脑袋边默默祈祷好运的降临。
“怎么,思维又被卡住了?”爸爸不知何时已来到了我身边。“是啊,太难了,好几处选项我都吃不准,看来我可能真的不是学英语的料啊。”我明显底气不足地对老爸抱怨。“既然这样,就不要傻坐在那里了,走,陪我出去走走吧。”爸爸提议。我刚想拒绝,老爸立马拉上我就走。
大地已经沉睡了,除了微风轻轻地吹着,除了偶然一两声狗的吠叫,冷落的街道是寂静无声的。我和爸爸漫步在街头,谁也不说话。老爸的余光瞟过我几眼,我故意没看到,因为我还没想好说些什么。突然爸爸开口了:“女儿,看到那只和小孩嬉戏的小狗了吗?”我顺着老爸手指的方向看到这样的画面——小主人用骨头一次次地戏弄小狗,而小狗却执着地尝试着品尝它的的美味,连续几次的挫败并没有打消小狗最初的梦想,最后,在小狗猛的一跃中,小男孩手中的骨头成了它的战利品。我拉过视线,看到了爸爸意味深长的眼神,我沉默了,我知道他是借小狗说我呢。“其实,只要是,总有失败的时候,对你来说,英语那如堤坝般无法逾越的90分,就如小狗眼中的骨头,你想拥有到它,就不要怕失败。谁都知道,放弃了就什么也没有了,你当真决定要放弃了么?
爸爸说完,微笑着眨着眼睛,然后潇洒地和我挥了挥手,只留给我一个坚实的背影。
望着爸爸远去的背影,又看了看正津津有味吃着美味的小狗,我陷入了沉思。平时在英语上我总是自以为是地觉得自己已经付出了很多,但是回报太少;看别人考试高分常有,而我总是差那么一截。导致现在已经到了厌读怕背的'程度,而事实是越厌越怕当然成绩越差,现在对英语的畏难情绪已经比较严重了。老爸一下就看到了我的弱点,哎,知我者果然是老爸也。可老爸,你该明白,我怎么可能连这些小动物都不如呢?不,不会的,只要我努力,我一定可以学好英语。我也要朝着我的骨头勇往直前,我绝不能让英语这门功课落下太多,更不能让它成为我的绊脚石。灯光下爸爸已经走到了拐角处,我深深吸了口气,朝着爸爸的背影大声叫道:“等等我……”我第一次感觉前面的路是如此敞亮。
“好了,快点走吧,回去后,英语一定要读,要背哦。”爸爸远远地朝我说。“知——道——了——”,我迈开了轻快地步伐,大步流星的向爸爸跑去……站在拐角处,心中已然有了答案,拐个弯,那里一定是别有一番风景。
是的,走过那个拐角,我的世界不再寂,在那儿,我看到了属于我的那片青青草原——青草,绿树,红花……
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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