1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
My mother
My mother is very kind and beautiful although she is not tall.She is 42 years old this year.She is a nurse,so she is always very busy day and night.But she loves her job,and she often takes care of her patients.Of course,she also likes singing,dancing,cooking and shopping,but she almost no time to do them.
Oh,I love my mother.
描写妈妈的英语作文:
Beijing time, in the early morning of August 5th, Sun Yang defend title successfully with the score of 14 points 41 seconds 15 in 2013 swimming world championships men's 1500 meter freestyle finals. This is the third gold medal in this tournament for Sun Yang as well as the fifth goal of China’s swimming, which is slower 10 second 13 than the result of the London Olympic Games when Sun Yang achieves the champion. Sun Yang uses the score of his fifth goal in his career life to tie with the medal record that Luo Xuejuan keeps in the Chinese swimmer World Championship. He also becomes the person after Hackett in the 2005 Montreal World Championships and a single tournament winning the gold medal of “the king of long distance " in men’s 400, 800 and 1500 meter freestyle.
北京时间8月5日凌晨,2013年游泳世锦赛男子1500米自由泳决赛,孙杨以14分41秒15的成绩赢得金牌成功卫冕,这是孙杨本届赛事第三枚金牌,也是中国泳军收获的第五金,这一成绩比伦敦奥运会夺冠时慢了10秒13。 孙杨也以生涯五枚金牌的成绩,追平罗雪娟保持的中国游泳选手世锦赛夺金纪录,并且成为继哈克特在2005年蒙特利尔世锦赛后,又一位单届赛事包揽男子400、800和1500米自由泳金牌的“中长距离之王”!
中国加入 WTO 后,有一大批外国人来我市——河源参观,英语(导游介绍我市情况)。假设你是导游,请根据以下内容,向外宾简单介绍我市的情况。
要求: 1. 100 词左右; 2. 要点包括: a. 有悠久的历史,位于广东的东北部,离广州 198 公里,人口约 324 万。 b. 有许多名胜古迹,如苏家围( Sujiawei );万绿湖( WanluLake )等等;万绿湖是一个很美丽的'地方,湖水清澈,无污染;湖中有各种各样的鱼;你可以到那里划船,野餐,钓鱼,是度假的好去处。你也可以去参观河源市博物馆,在那里你可以看到许多恐龙化石( fossil )。c. 祝大家在河源玩得愉快。
本文为您整理!
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Heyuan, now let me introduce our city — Heyuan to you.
___________________________________________________
( 2005 广东河源)
中考满分作文欣赏:
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Heyuan, now let me introduce our city — Heyuan to you. Heyuan is a city with a long history. It is in the northeast of Guangdong and 198 kilometres away from Guangzhou. It has a population of 3,240,000.
There are many places of interest in Heyuan, such as Sujiawei Wanlu Lake and so on. Wanlu Lake is a beautiful place. The water is clean and not polluted. There are all kinds of fish in it. You can go boating, go fishing and have a picnic there. It is really a good place to spend your holiday. Besides, you can go and visit Heyuan Museum. There you can see a lot of dinosaur egg fossils.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves in Heyuan.
Thank you.
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
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