1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
我有一个梦想,那就是成为一位旅行家。因为旅行家可以周游世界,去欣赏各个地方美丽的风光。
如果我成为了旅行家,我第一个要去的地方就是北京。因为那里是我们的首都,是我们人人都向往的地方。在那里,我可以去看天安门、长城、还有美丽的颐和园,我还要去看小燕子和紫薇格格生活过的皇宫。当然最重要的还是2008年的奥运会将在那里举办,北京一定会更加的整洁漂亮,为什么不去看看呢?
如果我成为了旅行家,我第二个要去的地方就是小兴安岭。因为在课文里,我知道了那里风景优美,物产丰富,我真想去看一看那里涨满春水的小溪,在溪边喝水的小鹿,工人宿舍门前美丽的野花,还想去森林里采摘酸甜可口的山葡萄、又香又脆的榛子、以及鲜嫩的蘑菇和木耳。
如果我成为了旅行家,我第三个要去的地方就是香港的迪士尼乐园。每一次看电视节目“全家总动员”,那些获胜的家庭可以去那里玩,我都好羡慕他们。那里是孩子的天堂,可以去探险世界、幻想世界,还有明日世界游玩,还有很多家喻户晓的我们小朋友都喜欢的卡通人物,我们可以和他们照相留念。
如果我成为了旅行家,我当然希望不仅仅是在地球上观光旅行,我还想去月球、水星、火星、土星等等星球上去玩玩,有可能我会在那些星球上找到其他的人类,交到更多的朋友呢!
我的梦想也许现在看来不容易实现,但在未来,在我长大以后可说不定,我现在要好好学习,为我的梦想创造可能!
每个人都有自己的梦想,一只只可爱的小动物也不例外。但每个人的梦都不一样,有的人想成为知识渊博的科学家;有的人想成为造福人类的发明家;还有的人想成为一名忠于职守的人民警察……我也有一个简单而普通的梦想,就是当一名人民教师。
我认为,教师是一项神圣而崇高的'职业; 如果说我们是花朵,老师就是辛勤的园丁;我们是飞鸟,老师就是无边无际的天空;我们是鱼儿,老师就是宽阔的大海……从入学的第一天开始,我们每天都和老师朝夕相处,徜徉在知识的世界里。老师的教诲就像雨露一样滋润着我们,让知识的花朵在我们心中灿烂盛开。
我们班的两位老师经过一个学期的辛勤劳动,最后学生给他们带来的是累累硕果。这时,老师感觉一股暖流流□的心房,自豪感油然而生,心里美滋滋的。此时的我觉得做一名教师是非常伟大的。
我想,做一名光荣的老师,就能在三尺讲台上传授一生所学;就能天天看着自己的学生开心成长,那该是多么幸福令人向往呀!如果真的有一天,我成为一名人民教师。无论地位高低贵贱的学生,我都要把我的价值奉献给他们。但是,要想成为一名优秀的老师,我想就要从现在做起,从每一件小事做起。养成文雅、和气、宽容的良好习惯; 在平时的学习和生活中,严于律已,并且善于发现他人的优点,取长补短;时刻准备着为教育事业奋斗终生!
一个人没有了梦想,就没有了奋斗目标,没有了前进的动力,就看不见前方的道路,也看不到未来的光明。没有梦想,就像没有翅膀的小鸟,不能在天空自由翱翔。拥有梦想,让我们看见未来的希望。拥有梦想,就有了一半的成功。梦想要靠自己坚定的信念和执着,要付出艰辛的努力,才能梦想成真。因此,为了实现这个梦想,从现在开始,我要为梦想努力奋斗!
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