Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的,他们合着的《关联性:交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面,其影响力已超出了语用学领域,延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解,要正确的理解自然语言,就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联,然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效,其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此,关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
今天是星期五,又有班队课啦。这次的班队课,很特别,因为贾老师让我们每个人准备好自己烹饪的一道菜和一双筷子。我们每个人都准备了自己精心烹饪的美食,由于是在家准备的,所以担心美食会凉了,影响美味。没想到贾老师早有准备,把最后一节班队课改成早读课,这样我们的美食就不会受影响了。
刚到学校,我们大家就开始议论我们各自的“杰作”了。都在彼此询问对方做的是什么,是不是很好吃…….我做了两道菜,一道是十分清爽可口的“青椒土豆丝”,另一道是“胡萝卜洋葱炒青椒“。
就在大家议论彼此美食的时候,贾老师走进教室时,原本热闹的教室一下安静下来。贾老师让我们把各自的菜一一摆上讲台,然后再拿好筷子,排好队,挨个品尝。看着讲台上五颜六色,各式各样的美食,都有点咽口水的感觉。急盼着能快点轮到我,让我品尝着诱人的美味。终于轮到我了,我跳了一个香肠放入口中,甜甜的,似乎还有嚼劲。等我想再来一个的时候,发现那盘香肠已经被同学们扫荡的差不多了。我只好另寻我的美食目标。当我看见一盘红烧肉的时候,心想这个一定不错,就顺手夹了一块,放入口中,哇!这么咸呀,是不是盐放得有点多呀!随后我又夹了一块带番茄的肉,外面脆脆的,里面软软的,可好吃了。随后我的眼睛盯上了顾立诚准备的鸡翅,当我走到那盘鸡翅前时,已经被眼疾手快的同学扫荡的只剩下三块了,老师为了能让大家都尝到这道鸡翅的美味,让我们只能吃一小块鸡翅的肉。让我有点遗憾,没能尽情地享受鸡翅美味。
随后进入美食评选的环节,贾老师让我们评出谁的菜最好吃,谁是“小小厨艺家”。我们纷纷指着身边的同学,认为他们的美食不错。最后老师把王伟康、顾立诚、姚志杰、程宇峰、方明成、宋晶晶、陆鑫七名同学请上讲台,给他们合影留念,同时宣布他们获得“小小厨艺家”的称号。
虽然这次我没有被评为“小小厨艺家”,但是我也很开心,因为这是我第一次自己动手做的美食,在我心中永远是最美味的。因为它是我的劳动果实,享受自己做的美食,心情甭提有多美了。
(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目
______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
(4) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
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