a tale of two cities occupies a central place in the canon of charles dickens's works. this novel of the french revolution was originally serialized in the author's own periodical all the year round. weekly publication of chapters 1-3 of book 1 began on april 30, 1859. in an innovative move, dickens simultaneously released installments of the novel on a monthly basis, beginning with all of book 1 in june and concluding with the last eight chapters of book 3 in december. dickens took advantage of the novel's serial publication to experiment with characterization, plot, and theme. he described the work in a letter to his friend john forster, cited in rudi glancy's a tale of two cities: dickens's revolutionary novel, as "a picturesque story rising in every chapter, with characters true to nature, but whom the story should express more than they should express themselves by dialogue." the novel that emerged from his experimentation is now regarded as one of dickens's most popular and most innovative works.
dickens's work was very popular with the reading public when it was first published. one review in the magazine athenaeum stated that a tale of two cities had attracted the praise of a hundred thousand readers. on the other hand, a whole set of critics, most notably sir james fitzjames stephen writing in saturday review, criticized the novel precisely for its popularity. "most of the critics writing in the intellectual and literary journals of the day considered popular success a good reason to condemn a work," explains glancy. "if the public liked it, they certainly could not be seen to approve of it at all." modern critical opinion, however, has given the novel an important place among dickens's most mature works of fiction.
如果信件里面有附件,可在信纸的左下角,注上encl:或enc:,例如:encl:2 photos(内附两张照片。如果福建附件不止一项,应写成encl:或encs。
我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有re:或subject:(事由字样。一般在信纸的中间,也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线,以引起读信人的注意,使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用,也可以省略。
其中在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。例如:
A little boy was very naughty and would not say his prayers before going to bed.
One day his father warned him that if he kept doing so. He would not go to heaven. The boy cried noisily and said, "I don't like to go to heaven alone. I want to go with you and mama."
有个男孩非常顽皮,不肯在睡觉前做祈祷。
有一天他的父亲告诫他说,如果他老是这样,就上不了天堂的。男孩大哭起来:“我不喜欢一个人上天堂,我要同你和妈妈一起去。”
《notre dame cathedral》 is one known far and wide romantic faction strength which victor hugo writes . i take advantage of this summer vacation free time, read this great work.
notre dame cathedral's story, actually was one at that time social epic poem, since brimmed with really. friendly. beautiful, also the flow selfish desire and is false. regardless of is good beautiful asmelada ,or has the ugly semblance, cacimodo with one pure mind, they represent the great amount the lower level populace which suppresses; perhaps is sinister coloud, he is appears by the theocracy face, all load bearing one kind of author's ponder.the author in this work, for with the clown, was beautifully friendly and wickedly does the best annotation, or take above three people as the example, the rebel asmelada has the beautiful semblance and the chaste good mind, as well as pitiful destiny, but cacimodo, he withstood destiny deceive nicely, the innermost feelings is his misery is graver, but coloud maintained the benighted social rights and interests, he had brutally. void mind and evil passion. good person physique hateful, but the evil person actually says the appearance shore however, bright set off, social unfair manifest.
but the article result also is when the opposition society until criticism: all beautiful is good all swallows by the might and the evil, the lower level people's weak strength in under the king power rule, in the benighted society, only can be reduced to ashes. was palatial notre dame cathedral, how many world tragedy testimony once, in hugo the novel, he as if had the life breath, he sheltered asmelada ,exposed coloud the crime, regret the populace attack the magnificent feat which dark actually heroically devoted...
another the question which is worth pondering is: who is the hero? asmelada or cacimodo? i think all is not, but is in the article by the louis 11 rank smell of blood suppression rather for sacreficed the populace gate, asmelada with cacimodo is not in them the representative, asmelada is loves with the beautiful symbol, cacimodo not many represents is unfortunate and the pain. but they, all suffer a tragic middle ages ignorant evil forces devastate, one each one painful soul is bleeding, flows the tear. merely is notre dame cathedral's above engraves " the destiny "? they are in middle ages france, despotism sacrificial victim.
the entire story rich tragic color, the plot intense is moving, exciting. author hugo through " notre dame cathedral " this story, but also disclosed at that time the dark society's essence to the people. this fascinating story likes that ccimodo clocks sound equally shocks several generation of readers' minds.
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