第一招:善于找准说明对象。
第二招:善于概括说明对象的特点。
第三招:善于分析说明顺序。
第四招:善于分析说明方法及其作用。弄清楚了说明方法的特点,分析它们在文章中的具体作用。
第五招:善于分析说明文的语言。
第六招:善于分析引用古籍或的目的。先要理解所引古籍或名言的含义,现联系说明的'内容,看看这两者间有何内在联系,就能领悟其引用的目的了。在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事,究竟起何作用:在文章开头叙述故事,其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣,或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事,往往是为了增强说明文的可读性,同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。
第七招:善于完成开放性问题。中考说明文阅读,根据“新课标”中要求“注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法”的要求,说明文阅读考查的题目势必要引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展,有利于培养学生的科学态度、科学思想、科学品质、科学精神和科学方法。
1、常见的说明方法有:举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。
2、常见说明方法的作用:
①、举例子:通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明,从而使说明更具体,更有说服力。
②、分类别:对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明,使说明更有条理性。
③、作比较:把__________和__________加以比较,突出强调了事物的特征/事理。
④、作诠释:对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明,使说明更通俗易懂。
⑤、打比方:将__________比作__________,从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。
⑥、摹状貌:对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹,使说明更具体形象。
⑦、下定义:用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的.特征/事理。
⑧、列数字:用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更准确更有说服力。
⑨、列图表:用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更简明更直观。
⑩、引用说明:引用说明有以下几种形式——
A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)
B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)
C、引用、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。
D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。
(引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用。)
Dear Sir,
I was very interested in your advertisement in todays edition of The Evening Post and I should like to apply to be a member of the Amazon Expedition team.
I am twenty-three years old and have an honors degree in Botany from Bath University. Since leaving university I have been working in a research laboratory but my contract comes to an end in six weeks. I would particularly like to join the expedition for the opportunity it would give me to study the plant life of the area.
I enjoy several outdoor activities including rowing and rock climbing and I consider myself to be both fit and healthy enough to undertake such an expedition.
If you would like me to attend an interview, I would be able to come at any time convenient to you, (J1 my employers have agreed to give me time off for the purpose.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Lily Ma
Dear Andrew,
How are you, my best friend Andrew? It is pleasured that you invited me to pay a visit to your home. But I am very sorry that I can’t accept your invitation because I have a very important competition which I must to take part in.
It is a competition of English play, which is hold once two years and will need a month to practice, is very valuable for me. So,I must take part in which I don’t want to miss the opportunity. Sorry, I believe you can understand me right?
Last, I want to give you a present that a CD about the hundredth anniversary of my school. It is too much fun in it and I hold you will be like. I promise you that I will accept your next invitation and bring some presents which you like.
Good Luck From Your Friend.
Xiao xin
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