导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
对孩子、家长来说,最重要的盘点就是期末考试的分数了。分数在很大程度上能反映学习的状态和结果,它的根本功能应是反馈和调控。但更多时候,分数成了评价和选拔的工具,这就让人们对待分数的心态异化了。
今天下午,同事们陆续把期末各科成绩发送给了家长们。家长们了解到孩子的分数后,反应惊人的一致——班上最高分是多少?班上平均分是多少?每个人都在急切地寻找一把标尺,把孩子安放到位,分数就是那把标尺。因为它简单明了易操作。
一份试题,更重的功能是帮着发现孩子哪里没有掌握好,哪里有了进步,去发现孩子学习的态度,学习的习惯。而不是忙着用分数来排队,排完了队又能如何呢?班级排完了可以排学校,学校排完了可以排全区,全区排完了……这样比较下去永远充满挫败感。
况且,分数真的有这样神奇的功能,把孩子都准确定位吗?至少语文考试分数不能。
一般情况下,每个孩子随着年级的增高,语文知识会越来越丰富,语文能力会越来越强。但实际上,让四年级孩子去考三年级语文试卷,六年级孩子去考五年级语文试卷,想取得个优秀的成绩并不是件轻而易举的'事情。能依据分数说三年级孩子就比四年级孩子语文能力强吗?显然是不合适的。在我看来,允许孩子可以忘记的知识,就不必成为考查的内容。考查应该着眼于运用。
况且,即使分数是把尺子,当你换把尺子去量的时候,会量出完全不同的结果。
教这个班级时间比较长了,自认为对孩子的秉性,孩子的学习状态都有比较准确的了解,每次考试都能预测个大概。前段时间,换了一种测试的方式,一改日常考试“看拼音写词语”“填空”“阅读”的常态,均是客观题。结果相当令人意外。一个经常不能及格的孩子及格了,多个一直在“及格”“良好”间徘徊的孩子达到了“优秀”。当然,也有好几个“优秀”已成为习惯的孩子却滑落到了“良好”。真的是多一把衡量的尺子,就多一群优秀的孩子。关键看你怎么量。
对小学生来说,多考了一两分,少考了一两分,没有想象的那么严重。一年级怎么讲都听不明白的问题,后来也没有再讲,到了二年级自然就会了。像这样无师自通的问题,在小学里很普遍。为什么不能给孩子耐心地等待呢?很多时候,我们被迫在干“催熟”的事情。突然就想起了英国小学毕业的孩子不会背乘法口诀表,而我们一年级的孩子已经学着说英文了。能说我们的孩子比他们棒吗?好,是比他们棒。然后呢?
对分数,不管是老师还是家长,都要淡定。不仅是结果,更是对过程的某个角度的反馈。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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