中学生写作议论文往往言之无物,容易陷入假、大、空的泥淖,文中无“我”,没有自我真切的感受与思考,因而以联系自我现实的方式作结,进行心灵剖白,就显得极为可贵,既能给人留下良好的印象,又能引起读者对自我观点的肯定与共鸣。
【示例】
①蝴蝶在黑暗中的栖息是静谧的,莫用蜡烛的光去打扰她们。花朵的绽放是自然的、宁静的,莫用照相机的闪光惊扰她们。我多想告诉每一个脚步匆匆的看花人,轻一点,慢一点,远远看着就好,别让你的影子,挡住了那一片花瓣的阳光。(江苏考生《静静呵护一朵花开》)
②我只愿成为一个不断长大的孩子,我有我的思想,我亦有我的童真:我不放弃纯粹,我亦追求缤纷。像那个诗人所言,我在我的世界里,保持着初放时安详的模样。听风涌起,待雨来过,我只是世界小小的婴孩。(浙江考生《最是那初放的安详》)
【点评】例①结尾回扣材料,以自我的感受作结,并把这种感受化为对世人的美好企盼,不矫情做作,让人易于接受;例②借心灵独白解剖自己的内心,紧扣文题,重申观点,强化自己甘做“世界小小的婴孩”亦即“保持童真”的执著和坚定。
当然,文无定法,结尾亦然。运用之妙,存乎一心。卓越的语言永远属于卓越的心灵,离不开善感的心灵对生活的体悟,离不开敏锐的触角对生命的感知,更离不开独立的个体对世界的思考。只要考生自觉培养“文章”意识,细心揣摩精彩篇章,拓宽备考的大视野,就一定能在高考竞技场上稳占半壁江山。
比拟是物的人化或人的物化,或把甲事物拟作乙事物。正确运用比拟,可以使读者对所表达的事物印象深刻,且可强烈感受到作者对事物的情感色彩,爱憎分明。
示例
《诚信漂流记》、《诚信走访记》、《诚信摆渡》
《与永恒拔河》、《让爱导航》
《心,请你告诉我》、《让心做主》
议论文写作总是为了解决某个问题,作文材料揭示的问题或来源于现实生活,或来源于自我困境。考生在提出自己的见解之际,结尾或强烈咏叹,或呼吁号召,以促使人们自我超越。这样的结尾,铿锵有力,能给人以激励和鼓舞,彰显文章的现实意义,极富感染力量。
【示例】
①我不怕黑,不怕疼,我愿意燃烧我的青春去闯去拼,去尝试去经历——让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧!(天津考生《痛而知之》)
②童心之贵,贵在其真、其柔、其善。人的成长会失去许多,却不应失去最本真最纯净的赤子之心。就像埃斯蒂斯所说的:“我们不是能拯救整个世界,但我们可以伸出手去挽救触手可及的部分。”我愿这赤子之心,长存你我周围,更长存于你我心间!(浙江考生《愿赤心长留》)
③莫让“双向的爱”缺失,让爱传递下去!(广东考生《让爱双向流动》)
【点评】例①用慷慨激昂充满智慧的语言表达自己对“痛”的理性思考,并大声呼告“让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧”,感情充沛,富有力度。例②重申“童心之贵”的内涵,并借埃斯蒂斯的话表达自己“愿赤心长留”的美好祝愿。例③作者提出了“让爱双向流动”的观点,结尾直抒胸臆,铿锵有力。
古罗马哲学家朗加纳斯说:“美妙的措辞就是思想特有的光辉。”议论文是用来表达思想的,言不从众,以思想出众,是文章取胜的要诀,而思想又总是表现为一些警示人心的语句。考生不妨自创警句来收束全文,不仅能彰显独特的思想魅力,更能以思想深度启迪人心,引发共鸣。
【示例】
①心若没有老去,永远都是孩童。心仍柔软真实,世界永远美丽。(浙江考生《永远的孩童》)
②它本该是时代赋予我们的信息便携工具,它本可以做我们理想的助产士,然而,它成了一把无形的大铁锁,锁住了我们迈向理想的脚步。所以,少年,请关掉你的手机。(北京考生《少年,关掉你的手机》)
③如果中学生只被奥数、英文统治头脑,只为分数而学,到头来,思想必定是一片废墟。急功近利的学习只能损毁我们的未来,未来中国一定需要思想深邃的学者。怕鲁迅,就必定不能“树人”.“人”树不起来,地平线上就不会升起复兴崛起的希望晨曦!(江西考生《“树人”需要鲁迅》)
【点评】例①用近似对偶的语句,自创警句,阐释了“永远的孩童”的真谛;例②在描述的基础上,渗进了大量的议论,发表了考生的个人见解,而“理想的助产士”,手机“成了一把无形的大铁锁,锁住了我们迈向理想的脚步”等自创的警语,极富思想含量,新人耳目;例③“中学生只被奥数、英文统治头脑,到头来思想必定是一片废墟”、“未来中国一定需要思想深邃的学者”、“怕鲁迅,就必定不能‘树人’”等句子,片言据要,警策人心,振聋发聩。
好的文章,往往是留不尽之意在文字之间,达到“言有尽而意无穷”的效果。为了增添文章的艺术魅力,给读者以想象回味的余地,议论文的结尾也可运用含蓄委婉的手法,或托物言志,或含蓄议论,或借助省略号等方法,使结尾蕴涵丰厚,寓意深远,给人以无尽的遐想或深刻的启迪。
【示例】
①蝶儿飞走,是蜡烛打扰了它的好梦。那么蜡烛随着时间流动的熄灭,飞走的蝶儿,又有谁敢说,它不会再飞回来呢?喧嚣退后,返璞归真。蝶儿飞走,又飞回……那该是极美丽的`芳草遍地,落英缤纷。(江苏考生《蝶儿飞走》)
②渐渐地孩子们在主动和被动两种情况下与童真这个概念越来越远。童真渐渐消逝。我们不禁想问童真哪里去了?而它没有回答。只见一个孩子愈走愈远,最后只留下一个模糊的身影!(浙江考生《消逝的童真》)
③还学术一片寂静安然,会有更多的大师在静默中生长,迸发出遒劲的学术张力。那天山上的雪莲啊,寂静中,是如此优美动人……(江苏考生《不可惊扰的寂静》)
【点评】例①结尾用散文化的笔调,借景传情,含蓄隽永;例②对设问没有直接作答,而是顾左右而言他,以“愈走愈远的孩子留下模糊身影”作结,含蓄地表明自己对现实中童真日渐消逝的忧患和无奈;例③借“天山雪莲”托物传情,以省略号作结,意蕴丰富,委婉地表达自己对“大师能够在静默中生长”的企盼。
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