与“材料新鲜”一样,内容真实是记叙文的生命保证。那些胡乱编造的所谓“感人”故事,只会让读者反感。有一些同学为了表明自己的“崇高”,文章始终不离“助人为乐、希望工程、捐钱救灾”等,事实上,我们希望社会充满爱,充满关怀,可是我们不希望我们的文章里始终充满假话、充满谎言。
我们作文时应牢记:只有真实的,才是动人的!如果我们一味地为了打动人而胡编乱造所谓的动人故事,只能让阅卷老师反感。当然,我们所说的真实并不是要大家把生活原封不动地照搬上去。我们所谓提倡的“艺术的真实”实际就是在真实生活的基础上进行技巧性的加工,如设置悬念、修饰语言等。它和内容的虚假是完全不同的。
如后面选登的安徽中考满分作文《打工》就完全以真情实感取胜,如果没有真实的体验,是写不出如此传神的细节的。正是这种“真实”的力量打动了阅卷老师。
总之,一篇优秀的记叙文,一定是包含了上述因素的。
记叙文就是记载、叙述我们在生活中看到、听到、经历过、接触过的一些人物和事件的文章。记叙人物和事件,必须掌握四个要素,即时间、地点、人物,事件(起因、发展、结果)。
记叙文常见的表达方式是记叙、描写、抒情和议论。记叙,就是记载和叙述人物的经历、活动以及事物发展变化的经过;描写,就是以形象的语言对人物、事件、环境作细致入微的描绘,给人以真切的感受;抒情,就是抒发、表达自己的感情;议论,就是讲述道理,也就是作者通过对事物、事件的评论,来表明自己的观点和态度。 记叙和描写是记叙文常见的表达方式,记叙和描写的结合,是记叙文写作的基本要求。记叙是通过一般的述说和交代,把人物或事件及其相互关系变化介绍给读者,使读者对事物的发展和全貌有一个清晰的了解;描写是在记叙的基础上,用生动形象的语言,将人物、事件、景物存在与变化的具体状态作精细的描绘,造成一种如见其人,如闻其声,如临其境的感觉,使读者受到艺术感染,留下难以忘怀的印象。记叙文如果缺少描写,就会平淡苍白,主题不突出,形象不鲜明,情节不感人。当然,描写要恰当,为中心服务。所谓恰当,即突出特征,符合身份,写出变化。
写作记叙文时,在记叙和描写的基础上,适当穿插抒情和议论不仅能增强文章的感染力和表现力,而且能突出文章的中心。
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