1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
威尼斯是世界闻名的水上城市。
(1) 饮茶是一种享受。
(2) 飞机是一种交通工具。
(3) 骑自行车是一种体育运动。
这是一个动物学校。猫鸭子。马和动物学校的狗。有些动物正在看书的英文。有些动物画鸟。
some animal are play games......Ther are very happy . sheep teacher is talling a stors.
一些动物在玩游戏......疗法很快乐。羊老师换一个故事。
This animal school is very good. I like this animal school very!Do you like this animal school?
这种动物的学校是很好的'。我非常喜欢这个动物学校!你喜欢这只动物的学校吗?
因为航天飞机跟火箭不一样,能去能回,所以他非常自豪。
(1) 小方很高兴,因为她这次得了第一名。
(2) 小爱感到十分遗憾,因为她不能参加这次歌咏比赛。
(3) 文艺会推迟到下个月举行,因为新剧院还未装修好。
(4) 洁白的雪其实不能吃,因为雪中有许多尘埃。
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
游戏开始了,第一组是张生德猜、涂言超演。张生德集中注意力努力猜着,当猜到第二个词时,他一下子愣住了,着急地捏紧了拳头,旁边的同学急得大叫,特别是方哲,不假思索地说出了答案,又马上捂住了自己的嘴巴——也许他觉得有点不好意思了吧!
最有意思的一组是我和陈思瑜了。我们俩推来挡去,都不愿意去猜词,结果还是我上去了。开始很顺利,连着猜准了好几个,可到了后来我却愣住了,因为我不懂陈思瑜在说什么、装什么,急得涨红了脸。同学们指手画脚地围着我转,方哲更是急得像小猴子似地上蹿下跳。
当黑板上出现了“跑鞋”时,陈思瑜抓耳挠腮不知道该怎么表达,就不小心说出了一个“跑”字,被判犯规,我们俩只好垂头丧气地败下阵来。
I valued my time in the No.1 middle school very much,because I know there is no endless banquet in the world.Before appling for xiao yu zhong,wondering whether it is the sixth sense, there was a prediction that I would leave my mother school,so I valued the left time which I have spent with my teachers and classmates.Perhaps some students and teachers didn’t understand why I was still so hardworking since I have been recruited by ShanDong university,Ididn’t have a very mature reply at that time.Now I can make a summary:After all,I have been in the science class for two and a half years.Not only was I interested in the subjects but also I have formed good privity with my teachers;Futher,many people take part in the National Entrance Examination in order to go to college,including me,but before the second term of senior three,I have known I have been admitted,to tell you the truth,I can’t accept it right now,so there was a time when I adjusted to it.
During my presence in the school,I was xiao san hao student in a row,and I obtained Li Zhen De bonus for two years.I got the second prize in the maths competition held by Shan Dong Province,After I was admitted ahead of time, I got a prize in the English speaking competition in jinan held by CCTV.
Besides my efforts,above all,I owe my scores to my teachers.It is teachers who passed knowdege to me,without them,I can’t have such scores,here,Ishall say sincerely,toilful are teachers!
In the study life in the future,I will develop my advantages and get over my shortcomings,making me more excellent,I can say full of confidence,I am pround of yizhong and yizhong is pround of me!
June sixth,2006
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