句型是根据句子的结构、特点和意义从大量的句子中抽象、概括出来的语言的一般表现形式。在教学中,根据学生的认知特点、心理特点和教学实际,运用建构主义教学思想设计教学活动,有利于句型教学目标的高度达成,应当把握以下四个基本途径。
Dear Miss Wang:
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help , my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always standed by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience.Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
提问行为是课堂教学的重要组成部分,是教师输入信息、传递信息,与学生共享信息,达到师生双边交流的一条重要渠道。提问涉及到教学内容的重点,它是组织教学的开端,是教学进程中转换的“关节”,是学习过程中激活学生思维活动的重要因素。恰当的提问,对学生来说,具有引发学生的学习动机,激发思维,加深对所学知识的理解程度,检验学生掌握学习技能程度等作用;对教师来说,具有检查教学目标,重新组织教学,反馈自己的教学效果等作用。
但是,实行班级授课制以后,提问在课堂教学中的运用相对减少了,教育工作者对提问技术的研究与认识也不够充分,即使在师范教育中,也没有哪一门课程专门探讨它。尽管在教育学和各科教学法中,大都初略地提到提问的问题,但这与提问在课堂教学中的地位和重要性是不相称的。近几年,在我国中小学教学中,提问逐渐引起人们的重视。如果我们对日常大量的提问现象作一下分析, 可以看出提问作为一种教学技术,在课堂使用中依然比较模糊、杂乱,其功能的发挥也不够全面,提问操作中还有相当的故障影响着教学效果。
国家新一轮基础教育课程改革的目的是要落实素质教育目标,提出学生的学习方式和教师的教学方式都需要进行科学的改变和完善。提问作为在课程中促进师生之间共同成长的一个基点,深入研究提问是摆在我们眼前的一个迫切任务。所以,提问既是对一种传统的教学方式的再认识,也是新课程改革中的重要课题。鉴于此,我们可以说,改善和提高教师课堂提问行为是实施新课程改革,落实素质教育目标的需要。
现任英语教师绝大多数成长于传统教学之中。在学生时代,他们接触到的是以教师为中心的教学,呈现的是以事实为基础的教学主题和像菜谱一样稳定不变的训练实践,从而在个人的经验中形成了许多固定化了的教学心理模型。这些固定化了的教学心理模型形成了定势,强有力地影响了他们自己走向讲台后的教学行为。
英语教师专业发展的直接途径在课堂,改变传统的固定化了的教学心理模型和课堂教学行为是目前摆在我们眼前的重要任务。提问作为课堂教学行为之一,也不可避免地成为我们促进教师改变其教学行为的关键性因素,是我们提高英语教师专业化水平的重要方面。
提问在英语课堂教学中有着举足轻重的作用,教育心理学告诉我们:学生的思维过程往往从问题开始。学起于思,思起于疑。我国南宋理学家胡宏又把学习过程看作是发现问题、解决问题、提出独立见解的过程。可见,每位老师都要科学设计问题来激发学生探究知识的愿望、拓宽学生的思维,并使自己及时对教学过程进行有效的调控,从而提高师生之间的双向思维交流活动,促进课堂教学的和谐发展。所以课堂提问的有效性使我们值得研究的课题。
那么,教师应如何优化课堂提问,提高课堂效率呢?读了《优化课堂提问》以后,我对课堂提问有了进一步的认识:
提问应遵循鼓励性原则。教师在提问时应引起学生的重视,激发学生学习动机,提高学习积极性,鼓励学生参与课堂活动,积极地思考,变被动回答问题为主动积极,从而促进课堂效率的提高。教师要使每一个问题都要让学生觉得有话可说,要鼓励学生大胆说出自己想法。
建构主义学习理论认为,学习不是简单的信息积累,更重要的是包含新旧知识经验的冲突。以及由此而引发的认知结构的重组。“联系”与“思考”是意义构建的关键。小学英语句型教学应培养学生通过对知识的主动探索和发现来建构所学知识的意义。
《牛津小学英语》教材的编写采用循环式编排方式。以时间表达的句型为例,这套教材在3B、4A、5B的教材中先后三次在相关单元安排了时间表达的不同句型,体现了“循序渐进、逐步扩展、综合复现”的原则。有一位教师在教学5B第七单元“A busy day时安排了4个教学步骤:1 教师出示教具钟。T:What’s the time?(旧知S1:It’s three o’clock,(旧知2 教师将时间拨到3:30。T:What time is it?(新知S2:It’s three thirty,(旧知3 学习新句型后,教师让学生向教师提问。S3:What time is it?(刚学的新知T:n’s halfpast three,(新知4 教师出示新旧句型,让学生读一读,比一比,想一想,说一说。
这种根据教材内容的编排特点,帮助学生实现由旧知向新知的迁移的教学方法,既突出了知识的连贯性和整体性的教学,从客观上降低了学生理解新知的难度,又有利于学生循序渐进地建构新知。
Dear Mr Guan,
How time flies. In the blink of an eye,the semester has been on for almost three months ,and you also teach our English for almost three months.Maybe you can’t call my name ,but you have a deep impression on me.
It's my honour to get the chance to write to you. "Approachable and amiable " is my first impression to you, because you always keeps smiling. You always arrive at the classroom early, from which we could imply that you are a diligent man with regular habit. In general, when we are professional courses, the atmosphere of the class have a
little bit nervous, boring.But in your class,we feel very relaxed. And if we knew the answers to the questions,we can enthusiastically answer,without worrying about making mistakes.When learning a new unit,you will let us to prepare for a ppt or a direct speaking which we can express our own ideas and interact with other students more frequently.At first,we feel embarrassed ang don’t have enough courage.But under the teacher's encouragement step by step,we make enough preparations to have positive statements.
I remember that you have said one thing that a lovelorn senior in department of history talked with you and you encouraged him to be a doctor for further education.I don’t know wether the senior will be a doctor or not,but I must study hard and deep to be a doctor. I was always worrying about that my boyfriend will break up with me before.Through this,I know that as long as you ability is strong,there is no necessary to worry about it. We appreciate you for not only improving the ability of our English ,but also teaching us some truths with your personal experience. Nous vous remercions enseignants.
Life's a journey, you shine our light of hope, enrich our minds, adding to our intelligence. At last, I hope everything goes well with you. Please give my best regards to your family.
Sincerely yours,
xxx
Miss Li always wears a blue coat . I think her favourite colour will be blue .
Miss Li is very friendly and kindly .Her classes are very interesting ,we all like to have Chinese class .
She always smiles when she speak to us .Sometimes she is very strict with us,when we make a mistake,she often makes us stand up . 李老师是我的语文老师,她大约30岁左右,她长的又漂亮,又年轻,她的卷发是棕色的`。
Miss Li often sticks to have lessons when she is ill , She looked weak,but still beautiful . 李老师经常穿着蓝色的上衣,所以我认为她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。
Miss Li love us very much, she teaches us so carefully .I think she is a good teacher. We all love her,too .
李老师对我们总是那样友好,亲切。她的课生动,有趣,我们都喜欢上语文课。她和我们说话的时候总是面带微笑。
有时候她对我们非常严厉,当我们犯了错误,李老师就让我们站起来。
I think teachers are like candles , giving off light for others by burning themselves 。
Dear Miss Brown,
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering, I’ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep going.
Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere appreciation. Best wishes for you.
Cruse
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