作者简介:奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900,英国维多利亚时代著名作家,“唯美主义 运动”的'领军人物,倡导“为艺术而艺术”(Art for art's sake。他的代表作有戏剧《莎乐美》(Salome《认真的 重要性》(The Importance of Being Earnest,童话《快乐王子》(The Happy Prince 《夜莺与玫瑰》(The Nightingale and the Rose ,小说《道连·格雷的画像》(The Picture of Dorian Gray,以及书信《自深深处》(De Profundis等。
【原著选段】
Mostpeople live for love and admiration. But it is bylove and admiration that we should live.If any love is shown us we should recognise that weare quite unworthy of it. Nobody is worthy to beloved. The fact that God loves man shows that in thedivine order of ideal things it is written that eternallove is to be given to what is eternally unworthy. Orif that phrase seems to you a bitter one to hear, let ussay that everyone is worthy of love, except he whothinks that he is. Love is a sacrament that shouldbe taken kneeling, and Domine, non sumdignus should be on the lips and in the hearts ofthose who receive it.
【朱纯深译本】
大部分人活着是为了爱和赞美。但我们应该是凭借爱和赞美活着。假如有任何爱向我们显露了,我们应该认识到这爱自己是很不配的。没有谁配得到爱。上帝爱世人,这一事实显示,在神定下的事物的理想法则中,写明了要把永恒的爱给予那些永远不配的人。倘若那话你不高兴听,那就这么说吧,每个人都配得到爱,除了那些自认为配得到爱的人。爱是神圣的,必须双膝跪接,承受的人嘴里和心里都要默念“主啊,我不配。”
【】
1、admirationn.赞赏;羡慕;引人赞美的东西/人
【举例】I have a great admiration for their performance.我很欣赏他们的表演。
The tourists paused in admiration of the beautiful view.游客们驻足观赏这美丽的景色。
arouse/excite the admiration of the public引起公众的倾慕
Wilde is one of my greatest admirations. 王尔德是我最欣赏的作家之一。
2、divinea.神的;神授的;神圣的;宗教的
v.占卜;预言;推测;解释
【举例】the divine right of kings君权神授
divine the future预卜未来
I divine the truth by inside information. 我凭借内部消息推测出了真相。
This is difficult to divine. 这难以解释。
“魏蜀吴,争汉鼎。号三国,迄两晋。”这是三国演义的大概内容。但其独特的内涵和姿态各异的人物形象确是千古的佳话。
初读三国我只知江山破碎,豪杰辈出,结盟立誓,谈笑风生,让我如此向往,如此痴迷。且看关公温酒斩华雄,张飞长坂震曹兵,子龙单骑救主。荡气回肠,仿佛历历在目。再读三国,我只知英雄悲剧处让我心酸,白帝托孤,一时的大意断送了整个国家的前程。诸葛武侯雄姿英发,羽扇纶巾,撑起一个国家,一片江山。
邓艾翻山越岭,来到了蜀国的腹地,却见诸葛武侯碑:二火初兴,有人越此。二士争衡,不久自。可见他料到了未来之事,可谓前无古人后无来者。但我觉得他悲剧的地方让我伤感。出师未捷身先,没能看到国家的繁荣,令人可悲。寇第斯曾说:“书籍乃世人累积智慧之不灭明灯,”读三国,就时刻能感受到它的光辉带来的温暖,它字里行间蕴含着一股震撼人心的力量。读三国,让人深刻体会到它透露出的“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”、“匡扶社稷,兼济天下”的思想。这种思想与我内心深埋的理想交织、碰撞,产生共鸣,激荡出串串亮丽的火花,鼓励我为实现生命的价值而拼搏、前进……当我第三遍读三国时,我发现每个人身上都蕴含许多哲理,吕布的有勇无谋,见利忘义。即使他武功再怎么高强也绝对比不上关云长的忠义两全。曹操的从谏如流,求贤若渴奠定了他一统河山,号令天下的地位。
姜维的身先士卒,鞠躬尽瘁一统河山的'宏伟志向,维持了蜀汉的江山。刘禅的无能却断送了这一切切的一切。看来贤明的君主永远比掌握大权昏庸的君主强。纵观历史长河,唯有任用贤才,远离小人,方可以使国家经久不衰,国泰民安。问何人仰天长笑,嗟叹历史,追逐日月,在书中探寻那不安的历史。千万读者此时定和我有一样的感觉,品三国战火,尝人间心酸,叹英雄早逝,恨未逢乱世,纵使一刀被斩,纵使尔虞我诈,也可驰骋战场,领略豪情壮志。
三国作为我们崇拜的对象,作为我们茶余饭后的佳话,已流传千古。现在更有易中天品三国,带我们区别小说与现实的差距,无论怎样,这一段刻骨铭心的历史将会永留历史。
In short, it can be said that
寒假里,我用了三天的时间读完了四大名著之一:《三国演义》。这本书是元末明初的小说家罗贯中写的。
这本书里面的人物各有不同的特点,其中我印象最深的有:刘备、孔明、关羽、张飞、曹操、刘备之子刘禅。刘备爱民如子,他是个有理想有野心的枭雄,最终成为蜀国的皇帝。孔明是蜀国杰出的政治家、思想家、军事家。他足智多谋,神机妙算,上知天文下知地理。其传奇性故事为世人传诵,如:空城计、草船借箭、火烧赤壁、水淹七军、收姜维……他还发明了木牛、流马等山地运输工具。关羽这个人傲上而不凌下,性情内向少言,刚正不厄,重情义重承诺,不为名利所动;这样的人今古不常有,可谓是真英雄,令人钦佩。曾过五关斩六将,无人可挡。但最终因轻敌中了孙权的埋伏。张飞作战勇猛,性格耿直,脾气暴躁,容易冲动。曾在虎牢关一声吼,吓退曹军20万。他对士兵十分严厉,最终于部下之手。曹操文武双全,有勇有谋,擅长政治,但是他过于自私缺德,疑心重,胡乱人,最终失去天下。在这本书里,我最看不起的人物是刘备之子--刘禅,他胸无大志,只明白吃喝玩乐,“乐不思蜀”这个成语就是他“打造”出来的,最终投降于魏国。到了最后,司马炎统一了天下,将魏改为晋,三国时代就结束了。
我佩服关羽的英明神勇,佩服刘备的爱民如子,我更佩服孔明的神机妙算。读了这本书,我明白了一个道理:有勇无谋的人永远受制于人,而智勇双全的人才会统治天下。
(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
《三国演义》是罗贯中出的,是一本古代的历史的一本书。书内有许许多多人物和国家,他们为了占领地盘,开始了一场又一场的战争。
《三国演义》主要讲了,有三个国家分别是蜀、魏、吴。每个国家都有领袖。领袖旁边,便是军师。蜀国的军师是最聪明的———诸葛亮,他知天文,晓地理,善知人,帮忙刘备打了许多胜战。
我最深刻的部分是:三顾茅庐,故事是这样的:刘备、关羽、张飞三人去拜见诸葛亮三次,但诸葛亮三次都不在。之后,刘备又去拜见他,张飞说:”如果,他不来,我就绑他来。”刘备说:”你们不懂得尊敬人才,你们这次就别去了。”关羽、张飞答应不再无礼。然后三人就去拜访了。离诸葛亮家还有三公里,刘备就下马步行了。到了诸葛亮家后一位童子出来,他说,诸葛亮正在睡觉。刘备说,不要叫醒先生。刘备随后进了草堂。等了几个时辰后,诸葛亮把他请进屋里。
之后,诸葛亮下了山,刘备把他当成自己的老师,和他一齐吃饭,一齐睡觉,一齐讨论天下大事。刘备对着张飞、关羽说:”我得到了诸葛先生,就如同鱼儿得到了水一样。”
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
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