1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
how time flies,unconsciouslthe next winter vacation will soon come.in order to improve myself awell aenjoa happholiday,i made the winter vacation plan.
firstli want to continue with mstudy,i think studia life process,so no matter what the situation i am in,i will look for chanceto continue it.i have bought several new book,including those bookon mmajor(专业and some novel,i will trto finish reading them in the holidaand write notes. j
secondly,since it ithe holiday,i will share it with mfamiland friend.you know the spring festival will soon come, i believe i would chatting and plagamewith mfriendand famil.i think i will enjothe vacation.
适合,是一种人生的表现形式。无论干什么,只有适合自己,才能做出成绩。
适合自己,才能展示自身的魅力。比尔·盖茨因为对计算机充满兴趣而选择了从哈佛退学,他在互联网领域找到了自己的位置,实现了自己的价值。Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格同样带着对互联网的痴迷,离开了几乎让所有年轻人都向往的哈佛,经过几年的打拼,成为全世界最年轻的超级富豪。恰当的放弃,是为了更好地选择,他们的选择,成就了他们生命的辉煌。
找到适合自己的地方,就会像金子一样绽放光芒;找不到适合自己的环境,再高的起点也不会看到希望。北大毕业的陈生,放弃了让人羡慕的公务员职务,毅然跳进商海里翻腾,倒腾白酒、搞房地产、卖苹果醋……最终,他竟然卖起了猪肉,而且,将自己卖成了千万富翁。他没有走寻常路,而是打破了传统的意识,给自己一个更加广阔的生命出口。陈生一步步取得了成功,用自己的智慧实现了在别人看来不可能实现的理想。同样是清华毕业生,戚柯的命运却大不相同。他毕业后就职于高能物理研究所,但半年后便因工作能力不足而被迫离开。没有方向的他,因不能找到适合自己的工作而患上抑郁症,最终成为一个无法自食其力的社会遗弃者。
最充实的人生,便是发现了最适合自己的方向,并义无反顾地走下去。一只知更鸟落到了哈佛大学教室的窗台上,桑塔亚那教授欣喜若狂,于是,他放弃了哈佛优厚的待遇,跟随那只美丽的知更鸟离开了美国。西班牙、巴黎、伦敦、罗马……每一个地方,都留下了他自由的身影,也留下了一部部传世的作品。做到这一点,需要一种勇气,更需要一份执着。或许,留在哈佛,他也能收获生命中的成功与喜悦。但是,被束缚了翅膀的他,便不能感受到自由的快乐。感谢那只知更鸟,让桑塔亚那教授在追寻自由的路上,捕捉到了最适合自己的生活方式;也感谢桑塔亚那教授,他让我们明白了什么才是充满智慧的选择。
生活,是一种智慧。真正懂得生活的人,总是能够带着喜悦的心情去追求最适合自己的生活,做最好的自己。
【权威点评】
文章紧紧围绕材料所反映的中心构思立意,并能够选取典型的素材作为论据,对写作中心进行客观的论述。具体论述时,有对同类素材的罗列,有与反向素材的对比,有对具体素材的深入解读。整个论述过程也做到了条理清晰,逻辑鲜明,充分体现了论证的严密性。从语言上看,也能展示出一定的功底,能够清晰地表达自己的观点、态度。
My winter vacation plan
My winner vacation is coming soon .I am so happy I decide to make a winter vacation plan .First, I will do my homework carefully Second ,I am going to help my mother with housework .Then,I want to play with my best friend.I will also visit my grangparents with my parents .We will spend Spring Festival with them.I think every day during my winter vacation will be happy.
I am sure I willhave a wonderful vacation. I can not wait.
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