举例法就是举出实际事例来说明事物的方法,是最常见,往往也是最有效的阐释模式。
提醒
举例时应挑选具体、典型且有能力表达清楚的`例子,并注意按照一定的顺序编排。
请看上述范文第二段:“For instance”引出“lifetime goals”的实例,如,赢得研究奖金、出版有影响书或文章、获得大学的系主任职位、获得国家自然科学基金及大公司稳定的顾问职位。
推理判断题最主要的就是注重文章结构的逻辑关系,抓住关键词,结合有关的生活和社会常识,理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想,推断作者的写作意图和写作目的,进行推断。
Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?
As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.
Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their sayingin turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual
understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.
Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which
undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.
要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要,打个比方:造房子要砖瓦材料,词汇就是阅读英语的砖瓦材料,没有相当量的英语词汇,阅读英语是无法进行的。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就把这些生字查好词典,然后抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。每天有空时,就拿出这小本子背诵记忆,这样做不费时,效果却很好,因不断接触,反复记忆,词汇量增加得很快。
分类法就是把说明的对象,按一定的标准划分成不同类别分别加以说明的方法。如:上述范文介绍人生的三种目标,并按照时间的长短对终生目标、长期目标和短期目标做了分类说明。
先看题目后看文章。一般大多数人做阅读时都是先看文章再做题,这也是的最一般方法。这种方法的缺点是往往在做题目的时候由于印象不深需要重新看文章寻找答案。而先看问题,带着问题去看文章,那么看到与问题相关的语句就仔细看,无关的可以粗略的看,这样既准确的找到了问题的答案又节省了时间。
每段的首尾句要认真的看。阅读理解的题目中都会出现主旨题。例如:what is the main idea of the first paragraph?对于这类题目的答案一般都在段落的首句,有的时候也会出现在尾句中。所以一定要认真看首尾句。
运用猜测法。在做阅读理解题时,猜测也是一种能力。同样一篇文章,有些人简直不知道该如何下手,而另一些人能运用自己平时在生活中的积累,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,排除错误的选项,找出最有可能的选项。当然,这也是建立在一定的知识积累上的,所以平时要多注意知识的积累。
细节题用快速阅读法。有些细节题,比如which of the following sentence is nou true?对于这类题则快速跳阅文章,找到相关语句,仔细核对比较,直到找到正确答案。
最后要注意平时词汇的积累。词汇的积累是每一个学习者必须面临的巨大工程。记单词最好的方法是多读些自己感兴趣的英语原著,先去猜词的意思,实在猜不出的时候再查字典,这样对单词的印象就极为深刻,不容易忘记。这比拿着单词本背单词效果要好的多。
People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new and complex goods are produced there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.
Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations. However, the land itself if gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.
Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy.
Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by
cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
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