一、何为“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”。
很多雅思写作考题的提问方式都是“Do you agree or disagree?”或者“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。很多刚刚接触雅思的学生甚至是老师认为对于这种提问方式无非就是yes或no两种答案,所以文章的观点也就只能是同意或者不同意了。其实,对于这类提问,也可以采用“折衷”的观点,即“partly agree,partly disagree”(部分同意,部分不同意)。但是前提是一定要在文章中从支持和反对的两方面都阐述一些理由,而且最好再提出一种“折衷”方案。例如,考题问“现在很多人用动物做试验,你同意吗?”,考生可以在文中分别讨论支持和反对动物试验的理由,最后提出动物试验既有好处也有坏处,这就是一种“折衷”观点。除此之外,作者还提出了是否能用动物来做试验主要是取决于试验是否能给人类生活带来显著的改善(比如帮助人类发明治疗Aids的药物),这就属于“折衷”方案。
二、“折衷观点”和“折衷方案”的几种形式。
那么如何提出“折衷观点”呢?“折衷方案”又有哪几种形式呢?下面笔者将对常见的几种安排折衷观点和折衷方案的'形式,结合相应的考题进行总结。
(1) 兴利除弊
“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案,在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后,在结尾段提出“优缺点都有,我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题:
The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点:
To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.
(2) 平衡发展
很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点,通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下,文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反,但其实并不矛盾,可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题:
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.
在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后,结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案:
We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.
(3) 取决于……
有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后,可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于……”这样的折衷观点,前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子:
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后,结尾段可以这样提出观点:
From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
(4) 解决方法
很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的,例如这道考题:
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.
在讨论完“支边”的利(缩小城乡差距)与弊(年轻人丧失自由)之后,我们可以提出这样一种解决方案:
The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.
从前,有一座古老的城堡,城堡旁边有一个灌木丛,灌木丛里长着一枝美丽无比的玫瑰,但它非常骄傲,从不让任何小动物接近它,总是拒人于千里之外。
一天,蝴蝶飞来了,准备采集花粉,玫瑰花鼓起刺,把小蝴蝶吓跑了。小蜜蜂来了,来帮玫瑰花传播花粉了,玫瑰花尖叫道:“你来干什么呀!快给我走开作文网!”“呜……呜呜……”小蜜蜂哭着飞走了。小蜻蜓来了,想在玫瑰花的叶子上停息一会儿,玫瑰花破口大骂:“臭蜻蜓,快给我走!别把我的红色小礼裙给弄脏了!”“哼!”蜻蜓生气地飞走了。
玫瑰花想:“唉,每天有那么多小动物来打扰我,真烦人!要是我能插进花瓶里,再摆上桌,那姐妹们一定会羡慕我的!”
它天天那么想着,月月那么想着,年年这么想着。
终于有一天,它xx进了花瓶里,还摆上了桌。
所有来到这里的客人,都会情不自禁地赞叹道:“多美的玫瑰花啊!”
玫瑰花心里乐滋滋的:“这里才是我的天堂啊!我以前真是被那个破灌木丛给毁了!”
刚刚过了不久,随着“啪”的一声响,花瓶被打碎了,玫瑰花被扔进了垃圾箱。
玫瑰花渐渐枯了,可曾经被玫瑰花嘲笑过、欺侮过的小动物们却快乐地生活在一起。
在玫瑰花亡前的最后一刻,它是多么希望,希望能够再看灌林丛最后一眼。“咚”玫瑰花最后一片花瓣落了下来。
它,亡了。
谁有历经千辛万苦的意志,谁就能达到任何目的。
从前,有只凶恶的鳄鱼,它力大无比,尾巴一扫,就可以打倒一只羚羊。
鳄鱼虽然凶猛,但牙齿上经常塞满残渣,时间一久,就长了蛀牙,痛得它爬上岸张大嘴才能稍微缓解。
有一天,来了一只燕千鸟,它看见鳄鱼那么痛苦,顾不得什么,叫了一声:“鳄鱼,我帮你剔牙。”就飞入鳄鱼的口中,帮鳄鱼清理牙上的残渣。不一会儿,清理好了,它就飞了出来,鳄鱼很感激它,就和它成了好朋友。以后,鳄鱼牙痛了,就爬到岸上张开大嘴,燕千鸟就帮它剔牙。开始, 它们相处很友好,可是后来,鳄鱼起了贪念,它想等下次燕千鸟为它清理完残渣时一口吃掉燕千鸟。一次,鳄鱼的牙又疼了,它张开大嘴爬到岸上,燕千鸟见了,毫不犹豫的飞进鳄鱼嘴里,帮它清理残渣,不一会儿,清理好了,鳄鱼立刻咬下去,燕千鸟灵敏的逃了出去,并再也不为鳄鱼清理牙齿。鳄鱼没办法,想叫其他的燕千鸟为它剔牙,可那只里逃生的燕千鸟已经告知了其他的燕千鸟,所有燕千鸟只为其他鳄鱼剔牙,没有一只燕千鸟为那条鳄鱼剔牙。后来,因为鳄鱼的牙齿对燕千鸟有了依赖性,再也无法忍受疼痛而了。
人常常与别人合作,这是对的,但不能利用别人。
Most female consumers and their girlfriends shop unwisely and spend too much money.
这时主语和谓语都已经进行了改善。但是你问还有提升空间吗?当然有!
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