中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【一】
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使人到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
The other day， I was driving along the street。 Suddenly， a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella， for it was raining hard。 On the way， he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her， but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的'，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays， I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework， reading an English novel， watching TV and doing some housework， I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach， the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while， a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red， not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea， just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen， and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door， I asked， "Who?" No reply。 After a while， I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It＇s you。" I said， quite released。
中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【二】
①随着现代工业的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快，对水的需求量越来越大，大量的开采利用水资源加上水资源的被污染，水的问题已成为当今世界的重大问题之一。本世纪以来，全世界水的消耗量比人口的增长快了两倍，到2025年地球上每个居民所享有的水资源量将比目前减少二分之一，全人类下世纪初便将面临"全面的严重水荒"。联合国的有关专家甚至预言，21世纪的最大问题不是石油，而是水资源。绻我们还不善待生命之源、珍惜节约水资源，那就极有可能rho;檎庋一句振聋发聩之言?"你最后见到的一滴水，就是你自己的眼泪。"
②我国的人口占世界总人口的22%，而淡水占有量仅为8%，人均占有水资源为世界人均的四分之一，被列为世界上13个贫水国之一。我国人民的生产和生活由此受到影响。由于缺水，大量耕地草场废置，土地沙漠化以平均每年2460平方公里的惊人速度扩展，总面积已达1.7万平方公里。由于缺水，地下水严重开采，一些地区的地面沉降，河湖干枯。按照国家建设部规定地面水水源必须在三类以上才能作为水厂的取水水源标准，但目前我国有78%的城市水源不符合标准，缺水已成为威胁中华民族生存和发展的一个紧迫问题。
③濒江临海、以水而兴的上海，水资源状况同样也不容乐观。尽管水资源的总量较为充沛，但可利用的淡水资源却十分有限，可使用的淡水仅占地表水资源的.20%，人均水资源量为全国人均的40%，世界人均的10%。作为全市的80%饮用水水源的黄浦江因水环境日趋恶化，更加重了水资源的短缺，严重影响到上海的生活环境和城市形象。据一项水质检测资料显示，目前市区日均废污排放量达550万吨，一年高达20亿吨，比全年平均降水产生的径流量还多，导致黄浦江及其支流的水质逐渐下降，再加上咸潮的入侵更使得黄浦江下游污水上溯，对城区的水厂取水口造成威胁，由于地表水的严重污染，已使原本水源较为充沛的上海成为水质型的缺水城市。上海已与北京、雅加达、特拉维夫、洛杉矶和休斯顿一起，被联合国的有关专家列为下一世纪饮用水严重缺乏的城市。
④目前我国城市水资源量满足不了城市经济和社会发展的需求与城市水资源普遍受到不同程度污染的现状，决定了我们必须树立珍惜水、节约水、保护水的社会风气。
1．第①段"水的问题已成为当今世界的重大问题之一"，造成这种局面的原因是什么？
答：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．"你最后见到的一滴水，就是你自己的眼泪。"这句话有两层意思：①________________________________________________________；②___________________________________
_________________________________。
3．第②段"我国的人口占世界总人口的22%，而淡水占有量仅为8%。"这一句运用了______和________说明方法，说明了_____________________________________。
4．第②段"由于缺水，大量耕地草场废置，土地沙漠化以平均每年2460平方公里的惊人速度扩展，总面积已达160.7万平方公里。"这一句主要运用了____________说明方法，说明了_______________________________________________________________________。
5．第③段"水资源的总量较为充沛"和"可利用的淡水资源却十分有限"是否矛盾？为什么？
答：_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6．造成上海水资源短缺的原因是：①______________________________________________
②__________________________________________________。
参考答案：
1、大量开采利用水资源，水资源被污染。 2、①水资源枯竭殆尽；②人类为自己不珍惜水资源而后悔莫及。 3、列数字作比较我国的水资源十分贫乏。 4、列数字我国人民的生产和生活受到严重影响。 5、不矛盾。因为由于环境污染等因素，大量水资源已无利用价值。 6、①黄浦江水环境日趋恶化；②咸潮入侵，使黄浦江下游污水上溯。
中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【三】
导入：
第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论：
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【四】
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下
正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论：
第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构
中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【五】
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
中考英语作文节约 水 食物 能源【六】
1。 头绪分明，脉络清楚
写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心，详略得当
在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：
One night a man came to our house and told me， "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family， I saw the faces of those little children disfigured （破坏外貌） by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces， just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two， and went out， carrying half the rice。 When she came back， I asked her， "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer， "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言，准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文：
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then， two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money， but they didn＇t take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后：
The other day， five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time， he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home， he started and crying。 Just then， two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy， why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom， I go home。" said the boy， still crying。
"Don＇t worry， we＇ll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy＇s house。 With the help of a policeman， they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound， she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully， she offered them some money， saying it was a way to express her thanks， but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
