高考语文只有阅读和作文（高中语文考试只有阅读和作文） - 作文仓库

高考语文只有阅读和作文【一】

⑴论据的类型：

①事实论据（举例后要总结，概述论据要紧扣论点）；

②道理论据（引用要分析）。

⑵论据要真实、可靠，典型（学科、国别、古今等）。

⑶次序安排（照应论点）；⑷判断论据能否证明论点；⑸补充论据（要能证明论点）。

高考语文只有阅读和作文【二】

盛夏时节，我国由于受副热带高压控制，严重干旱，造成大片农作物干枯，这时人们会盼望台风带来降水。台风降水是我国东南沿海地区夏季降水的主要来源，根据统计，这些地方每年7月－9月有59％－76％的降水是台风带来的；而包括我国在内的东南亚各国和美国，台风降雨量占这些地区总降雨量的1/4以上，对改善上述地区的淡水供应和生态环境都有十分重要的意义。未来，由于受气候变化的影响，自然降水将越来越少，而台风带来的暴雨性降水和丰富的风能资源量所占比重将增大。

台风可调节地球温度，维持全球热量平衡。台风最高时速可达200千米以上，巨大能量的流动在直接给人类造成灾难的同时，也使地球保持着热量平衡。众所周知，靠近赤道的热带、亚热带地区受日照时间最长，气候也最为炎热。台风发展和维持的主要能量来源是水汽凝结释放出的潜热能，其水汽主要来自低纬度的热带洋面；随着台风从热带向中高纬度地区的.移行，由其携带的大量热量和水汽即从热带输送至中高纬度地区，它给酷暑难熬的人们带来了清凉。如果没有台风，就会造成热带地区的气候更加炎热，寒带地区则正好相反。

台风一方面通过缓解高温酷暑，节约了因防暑降温支出的生活用水和用电量，缓解了电力的紧张程度；也使大、中、小型水库蓄满水，使水力发电机组正常运转，从而节约了大量原煤；而且台风登陆时陆地下垫面会迅速削弱其风速，因此风害也被大大减轻，甚至不再成害而可以被人们用于风力发电。

台风过后海洋表面温度明显下降，其原因是台风中心的低气压、近海面的巨大风力和强烈的气流旋转迫使海浪剧烈运动、海水上翻。由于海水上翻，江海底部的浮游生物和营养物质会被卷上来，鱼饵增多，自然有利于鱼群生长。

除了上面提到的这些益处外，台风的气压会引发地面上无法察觉的慢地震，使地壳中的能量逐渐释放，避免产生大型地震。慢地震是以数小时到一两天的时间，用温和的断层滑动方式，释放地底能量，与一般地震在数秒、数分钟间产生剧烈的震动方式完全不同。2009年6月，英国《自然》杂志上刊发了我国台湾地区一个研究团队的论文，该文首次将地震与台风这两种不同的自然灾害联系起来，表明台风与慢地震具有相关性，且台风发生其实有助于减轻地震带来的损害。文中数据表明，每年侵袭台湾的台风在地震活动上扮演了压力阀的角色，会引发长时间而缓慢释放能量的慢地震，这或许反而让台湾免于受到可能造成摧毁性灾难的大地震的侵袭。

8．下列有关台风的表述不准确的一项是

A．台风是一种热带气旋，它以水汽凝结释放出的潜热能为主要能量来源，绕自己的中心急速旋转，并随周围大气向前移动。

B．台风带来的降水占东南亚各国和美国等地区总降雨量的1/4以上，是这些地区夏季降水的主要来源，而且台风降水量占降水总量的比重还将不断增大。

C．台风将大量的热量和水汽从低纬度地区输送至中高纬度地区，使全球维持着热量平衡。如果没有台风，热带地区的气候会越发炎热，寒带地区则会越发寒冷。

D．台风能通过降温缓解电力供需的矛盾；另一方面，在台风登陆时陆地下垫面会削弱其风速，大大地减轻风害，甚至使台风不再成害而能被用于风力发电。

9．下列说法符合原文意思的一项是

A．海浪的剧烈运动、海水的上翻都是由台风中心的低气压、近海面的巨大风力和强烈的气流旋转所造成的。海水上翻会卷起江海底部的浮游生物和营养物质。

B．慢地震是一种用温和的断层滑动方式来逐渐释放地底能量的地震，持续的时间在数小时到一两天不等，有助于减少台风给人类带来的生命财产损失。

C．我国台湾地区免受可能造成摧毁性灾难的大地震的侵袭，是因为每年侵袭台湾的台风在地震活动上扮演了压力阀的角色。

D．台风的出现有助于人类节约大量的煤炭资源，又能对人类的农业、渔业等许多方面产生有益的影响。如果没有台风，人类可能会遇到巨大的生存危机。

10．请从文中找出一句能概括本文主旨的话，并简述由此引发的思考。（3分）

参考答案：中小学答案网整理

8．B（是这些地区夏季降水的主要来源错误，应是我国东南沿海地区夏季降水的主要来源。）

9．D（A项海浪的剧烈运动、海水的上翻都是由造成的错误。B项应是台风发生有助于减轻地震带来的损害。 C项我国台湾地区免受大地震的侵袭缺少了或许。）

10．概括主旨的原句：客观地说，台风有过亦有功，而且台风的功甚至大于过。（１分）思考：台风有过更有功，提醒我们事物常有两面性，只有了解相关科学知识，才能全面、科学地认识事物，用辩证、理性的眼光看待自然万物。（２分）

高考语文只有阅读和作文【三】

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.

The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive（正面的）than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PHD, calls them” the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research

has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能 is genetic – you’re a born

artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent

and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego（自尊）isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the

world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets byencouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she

says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

( 57. What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.

B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

( 58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

( 59. What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

( 60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact，not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.

So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities？Get ready for a short lecture，especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.

Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that，the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time，other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied，then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.

An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.

Assistant，associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.

Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead，they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.

A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position，to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.

Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes，but they may or may not have a doctorate.

1．In which column of a newspaper can the passage probably appear?

A．Education.

B．Entertainment.

C．Politics.

D．Sports.

2．Which of the following positions should have a doctoral degree?

A．Instructors and lecturers.

B．Assistant professors and instructors.

C．Lecturers and adjunct professors.

D．Assistant and adjunct professors.

3．According to Paragraph 3，how long can an assistant professor stay in his or her position at most?