Dear Dad,
Today is fathers day, for so many years Ive been seekig a way to express my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me. Here comes it!
Thank you for always being there sharing my life when I need you most. Whenever I encounter difficulties, I never feel alone and vulnerable, because you will keep me on the right path. Im blessed to have you.
Thank you for offering me education and teaching me how to be a man. You always inspire me not by words, but by what you have done! Your efforts in the work, your loyalty to your friends, your responsibility for the family and your persistence in the life have already set me good examples in my own life.
Thank you for always appreciating my work, no matter how tiny it is! You have made me realize that its capacity not scores that really counts.
Dad, I love you and I will love you forever!
Yours beloved,
Li Ming
因为对于翻译这门手艺充满了憧憬,就买了一堆北外上外考研指定用书回家研究,中式英语之鉴就是其中一本,读完有些思考想跟大家唠唠。平卡姆老师在这本书中用的。英语不是很难,单词平均难度在专四和专八之间,过了专四或者六级的人看应该会比较有收获,在“学习区”内,所以推荐一下这本书。
作者写中式英语之鉴是为了纠正一些中国人运用英语时错误的不地道的表达,那么首先要回答的问题是什么是正宗的英语。
在这本书中所倡导的正宗的英语无疑指的是简明英语,特点是”direct, simple and clear”。下面是简明英语的起源(摘自百度)。
“简明英语是由查尔斯·凯·奥格登发明的只有少量单词的英语,他的书简明英语规则和语法的一般约定里对此有所描述。
奥格登说过:学习英语要七年,学习世界语要七个月,而学习简明英语只要七周。简明英语用于公司在国际上使用的书籍,短期内对学生进行基本英语教学。
奥格登不使用重复意义的单词,而且需要所有国家都适用这些单词。他利用大规模的测试和调整来得到这些词汇。在语法方面,他也做了简化,但是保留了英语通常的用法。”
在后面的发展中,简明英语在商务英语和法律英语上有了长足发展。简明英语无疑很适合用在商业上;而法律英语为了保证条款的确定性和权威性,一般冗长复杂,如一个含义要用两个甚至三个同义词来表示,在现在重视效率的社会渐渐向简明方向发展不足为奇。
但是这里我们要清楚一个语言是在不断成长和变化的,中古英语和现代英语自然是有诸多不同,而且每个人的风格也不同。在我看来简明英语的诸多规则只能算作是一种风格,一种在近代社会被提倡的风格。而我们在翻译或者写作时应依具体文本的需求和受众的需求适用不同的风格,而不是倡导每种文本都用一个风格。口语和书面语明显不同,书面语中,用途不同时风格也应做相应的改变。
比如文学和非文学就有很多区别,文学讲究陌生化,要得就是一种朦胧的,”transparent”的感觉,才能让自己的文字更引人遐想有更多解释空间,而非文学为了交流方便,自然不会太晦涩难懂。非文学中又可以分很多类,商务性文本、法律性文本、政治性文本。比如政治性文本,你的翻译是为了让英语国家的人明白,就要模仿英语国家中的政治性文本的写法。但翻译这种文本的一个困境是:译者害怕丢失一个词就丢失了一个意义,不敢随意添加修改,所以偏向直译。其实也是很无奈。
一个语言中什么说法能不能用要取决于大多数人是怎么说的,因为你的目的是让大多数受众明白。比如clinch现在虽然被认为是不符合语法,但有些时代中因为大家都这么说,所以当时是可以接受的。所以这种情况下,”non native speaker” 就很吃亏,因为没有大环境让你了解其他人都在怎么说。
我认为在这里,中式英语中最应该摒弃的无疑是you can you up这类说法。当然这个是有点太low了,相信有点英文素养的人都不会犯。接下来要摒弃的就是不常见说法,也就是本书中part one所强调要纠正的。然后对于part two中少用名词多用动词、少用被动多用主动这类型风格类的倾向,我认为就要依文本需求和受众需求来定了,如果一个文本十分正式,翻译的很直白自然也是不合适的。
Dear Daddy,
亲爱的爸爸,
Thank you very much for your letter written to me. In your letter , you not only expressed your expectation to me , but also showed all your love to me . I was deeply moved . Thanks again ,Daddy .You said ," I hope you get bravery and perseverance, and can quickly grasp living skills like a lion ". Now I want to tell you that I will try my best to do everything well and live up to your expectations . Dear father , you are a great lion in my mind .
谢谢你给我写信。在信中,你不仅仅表达了你对我的期望,还展示了你对我所有的爱。我深深感动了。再次谢谢你,爸爸。你说,“我希望你能够变得勇敢和有耐心,并且能像狮子般快速的掌握生活技能。”现在我想说我会尽我最大的.努力把所有事情都做好来达到你的期望。亲爱的爸爸,你是我心中的狮子。
When I am absent mind , when I am depressed, you , my dear father is always there . Your advice and encouragement guide me through many difficulties . Thank you , Dad, for your help and understanding. I love you , Dad ,forever!
当我茫然、绝望时,是你,我亲爱的爸爸永远都在我身边。你的建议和勇气引导我克服许多的困难。谢谢你,爸爸,谢谢你的帮助和理解。我永远爱你,爸爸。
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
作者写中式英语之鉴是为了纠正一些中国人运用英语时错误的不地道的表达,那么首先要回答的问题是什么是正宗的英语。
在这本书中所倡导的正宗的英语无疑指的是简明英语,特点是”direct, simple and clear”.下面是简明英语的起源(摘自百度)。
“简明英语是由查尔斯·凯·奥格登发明的只有少量单词的英语,他的书简明英语--规则和 语法的.一般约定里对此有所描述。
奥格登说过:学习英语要七年,学习世界语要七个月,而学习简明英语只要七周。简明英语用于公司在国际上使用的书籍,短期内对学生进行基本英语教学。
奥格登不使用重复意义的单词,而且需要所有国家都适用这些单词。他利用大规模的测试和调整来得到这些词汇。在语法方面,他也做了简化,但是保留了英语通常的用法。”
在后面的发展中,简明英语在商务英语和法律英语上有了长足发展。简明英语无疑很适合用在商业上;而法律英语为了保证条款的确定性和权威性,一般冗长复杂,如一个含义要用两个甚至三个同义词来表示,在现在重视效率的社会渐渐向简明方向发展不足为奇。
但是这里我们要清楚一个语言是在不断成长和变化的,中古英语和现代英语自然是有诸多不同,而且每个人的风格也不同。在我看来简明英语的诸多规则只能算作是一种风格,一种在近代社会被提倡的风格。而我们在翻译或者写作时应依具体文本的需求和受众的需求适用不同的风格,而不是倡导每种文本都用一个风格。口语和书面语明显不同,书面语中,用途不同时风格也应做相应的改变。比如文学和非文学就有很多区别,文学讲究陌生化,要得就是一种朦胧的,”transparent”的感觉,才能让自己的文字更引人遐想有更多解释空间,而非文学为了交流方便,自然不会太晦涩难懂。非文学中又可以分很多类,商务性文本、法律性文本、政治性文本。比如政治性文本,你的翻译是为了让英语国家的人明白,就要模仿英语国家中的政治性文本的写法。但翻译这种文本的一个困境是:译者害怕丢失一个词就丢失了一个意义,不敢随意添加修改,所以偏向直译。其实也是很无奈。
一个语言中什么说法能不能用要取决于大多数人是怎么说的,因为你的目的是让大多数受众明白。比如clinch现在虽然被认为是不符合语法,但有些时代中因为大家都这么说,所以当时是可以接受的。所以这种情况下,”non native speaker” 就很吃亏,因为没有大环境让你了解其他人都在怎么说。
我认为在这里,中式英语中最应该摒弃的无疑是you can you up这类说法。当然这个是有点太low了,相信有点英文素养的人都不会犯。接下来要摒弃的就是不常见说法,也就是本书中part one所强调要纠正的。然后对于part two中少用名词多用动词、少用被动多用主动这类型风格类的倾向,我认为就要依文本需求和受众需求来定了,如果一个文本十分正式,翻译的很直白自然也是不合适的。
首先这是一部好书,不仅仅讲述了中文翻译成英文中常见的错误,更揭示了英文自身的特点和优势。可以用一个中心两个基本点来概括此书的脉络。
这个唯一的中心就是“表意清晰”。本书提出的所有注意事项,所有窍门方法均以此中心为目的。英文十分重视文字能”正确“、”简单“、”唯一“地反映作者意图,绝不模棱两可,含混不清。“表意清晰”的要求指的不仅是“understandable”,也不只是“easy to understand”,而是“must be understood”。句子,文章应尽量节省读者阅读的心力,不需要读者有意识地去分析句子结构,而在字面含义上不给读者留下任何被误读空间。
围绕这一个中心,有两个原则。第一个原则就是“简洁”:去掉一切不必要的成分。任何多余的单词,句子成分都可能带来误解和歧义,都可能模糊句子的主干,都可能增加读者阅读的心力。由这个“能省则省”的原则出发,作者提出了几个要求:
1、应去掉句子不表实际含义的虚词,动词。
2、应去掉不必要的.修饰。
3、应去掉不必要的重复。这样在作者有意使用重复时,才能引起读者的重视。
另外一个原则是“关系”:必须尽可能体现出句子成分之间,句子之间的关系并合理化之。英文中依靠词语,短语之间的关系来表达逻辑含义,句子主干。读者理解了这个关系,剩下的无非是查字典的工作。
因为这个原则,作者反对用名词去修饰名词,因为名词是“静止”的。不能合理表达词与词的关系。使用动名词,形容词,介词能够方便让读者判断句子的语法结构。personnel and materials transfer center 绝对没有 center for the transfer of pesonnel and materials 好懂。
因为这个原则,作者强调代词应该靠近其所指代的对象。利用词与词之间的距离来表明词之间的关系,利用词的位置来表明句子强调的重点。要特别警惕“悬空”的修饰词,代词,修修饰语都必须有根,有读者非常容易找到,不会被误解的根。
因为这个原则,作者突出了对偶排比结构的重要性。两个结构相似的句子,或句子成分并不仅仅给读者带来音韵和视觉上的美感,更是通过这种形式上的“重复”突出了这两个句子,或句子成分之间是有逻辑联系的,应该放在一起理解。
好的英文写作准则同好的设计准则是相同的。“惜词如金”的风格同时下大为流行的“极简主义”有暗合之处。而词与词,句子与句子之间的关系也适用于“亲近,对齐,对比,重点”这些设计准则。在平面设计中,设计师摆布的是图案和颜色;在英文写作中,写作者摆布的则是单词和句子。目标都是力求创作者“想说的话”让向听众更容易“听懂”。
原则好记,写来短短几句,但是仅仅知道原则是不够的。好的设计和好的句子不能只根据原则按图索骥,也不可能下笔有神,一蹴而就,而需要在实践中不停的打磨和淬炼。英语学习过程中,没有“顿悟”法门,只有“渐悟”一途,与君共勉。
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
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