侧重写人的记叙文,以人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理描写为主,如,《背影》。
侧重记事的记叙文,以叙述事件的发生、发展、经过和结果为重点,如《一面》。
侧重绘景的记叙文,以描绘景物寄托情怀为主,如《春》。
侧重状物的记叙文,以状物为主,借象征抒怀,如《白杨礼赞》。
答题要在通读了全文之后再动手,有时甚至需要读两遍,才能真正读懂。只有读懂了。答题才会准确。
第一人称:增强了文章的真实性和感染力。
第二人称:便于作者与文中的人物或读者感情交流,显得特别亲切、感人。
阅读说明文时,边读边标出文章所使用的说明方法,然后总结主要使用了哪些方法,并进而分析这些说明方法对准确说明事物特征所起的作用。
内容概括(一句话概括故事情节):人物和事件(A、谁干什么B什么怎么样)
主题概括:“本文通过某人做某事反映了什么意义(人物性格、作者感情、人生哲理)。”
主旨句的作用:结构上贯穿全文,内容上点明中心。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
辨别文章使用了举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证中的哪些方法。其中,举例论证比较好辨别。道理论证一般指引用了名人做论据的。比喻论证指论证的语句采用了比喻这种修辞手法的。对比论证一般须找出正反两方面的论述。
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