1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
From: ****
Department of the SPECIAL CLASS GIFTED for YOUTHS
University of Science and Technology
Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
July 1, 1998
Dear Sir or Madam:
I take great pleasure in recommending Wang Yong, one of my favorite students, for admission into your distinguished graduate program.
Mr. Wang was admitted in 1986 at 14 years of age into the SPECIAL CLASS for the GIFTED YOUTHS, my university's unique program that caters to the intellectual needs of unusually talented Chinese youngsters. It was a rare privilege he earned with his nearly impeccable academic performance through the years of his elementary and secondary school.
He impressed me almost as he entered into my university, a major cradle of china's scientific and technological talents. At the time, members of the Gifted Class all had to spend half a month studying by themselves the principles of calculus and then take an exam so that we could evaluate their self-study capability. Mr. Wang scored the highest grade in that exam. He also exhibited a keenly whetted mind during class discussions. To my regret at the time, his English was not as good as his mathematics or physics.(缺点介绍,公正真实 But I noticed he made a point of working especially hard in improving his English during his five undergraduate years with us. By now, he seems to be at least as proficient in English as most of his former classmates in the Gifted Class.
In my experience with Mr. Wang, I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence. I am sure that Mr. Wang will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in. So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application. I would greatly appreciate it you decide to accept him as he wishes.
Yours sincerely
****
Professor and Deputy Head
拓展阅读:
尊敬的先生或女士:
您好,我是xx,xx会计师事务所副所长、合伙人。美国蒙东那大学工商管理学硕士。
得知我公司优秀实习生xx准备出国深造,我感到非常高兴和无比欣慰。在我看来这样一个上进的年轻人应该接受良好的教育拥有更辉煌的未来。因此,我很荣幸向贵学校强烈推荐这位优秀青年。
xx曾在大三的时候来我公司实习。在八周的实习期间里,xx给我留下了非常好的印象。为了能学习更多的会计专业知识,她主动承担了更多的工作,像正式员工一样主动留下来加班。并且不论工作难度高低,她都能尽心尽力地做好,这样的敬业精神实属难得。尽管工作相对匮乏,但是从不服输的她一刻也不放弃学习的机会,利于闲暇时间大量阅读参考有关业务的书籍,虚心向其他员工请教。此外,他会计基础牢固,核心课程平均成绩良好,加之学习能力较强,因此实习期间她已能较好地掌握会计的一些基本业务,而这又进一步使她对会计有了更深的领悟,渐渐地,她开始精通各项业务,并取得一定成绩。对此她并没有满足更没有骄傲自大。相反,遇到难题,她仍然虚心与她的老师交流讨论直到找出解决方案为止。
xx天工作日,她共参与包括xx有限公司等3家公司服务的项目。在参与撰写资产、审计报告时,她思路清晰、有较强的逻辑性;在独立完成一部分工作的同时,能较好地与老师沟通、合作,并能提一些有深度的问题,得到了大家的一致好评。
虽然从某种程度上来说,如此优秀的实习生已经踏上留学之途是我公司的损失,但是考虑到她的前途,我依然毫不犹豫的支持她远赴贵学校深造。真诚期望贵学校能同样支持她,给她一个提升自己实现梦想的机会。谢谢。
1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
假如我出国留学,我会到另一个文化的发源地从而让我进一步了解与中国文化的不同,我学到一些新的东西,我懂得怎样才能更好的与外国人沟通,怎样做才能接近完美。这会让我变得沉着,变得冷静。一个陌生的城市,一场完全不同的生活,一些陌生的面孔和一个人寂寞的生活,我不会缺少朋友,我可以用自己的努力去结识那些不同皮肤,不同文化的朋友。这给我的是勇敢,是信心,困难的问题我会想办法解决它们。这就是我来到另一个地方给我的经验。假如我出国留学,在没有家人的帮助下,你需要依靠自己去改变.每当我遇到麻烦,我会告诉自己不要打电话给父母,我不希望将自己的困难加在父母的身上,这会让他们担心,在我的`生活里,那是一些毕经历的问题。正是它们的存在,我不畏惧打击,通过这些问题,就像在阳光滋润下茁壮成长的大树,我变得坚强。留学的另一方面,让我学习了很多。让我看到我在同一世界是不同的生活。与我携手的朋友,让我的友谊得到更好的美化,成功的到来,敲响了我生命的钟声。这一切需要我的付出才能换回成功的贺礼。我会用自己的行动证明我出国留学后的所得。我坚信。假如我出国留学,未来也与变得不同。
In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan University?I'm writing to recommend Mr. Wang?Gesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of college?and have acted as his thesis advisormentor. In my experience?he is a gifteddiligent student?and an admirably hard worker.
Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math class?he did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were good?they were not as high as I would now expect of him.
What I didn't know then was that due to his illness?Wang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one time?including Discrete Mathematics?Advanced Mathematics?Linear Algebra?and Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficult?Wang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the end?he achieved an impressive score on the final exam?which made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges.
Mr. WangI have often talked about a variety of mathematicscomputer science conceptsproblems. During these discussions?I always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the conceptsproblems presented to him?he is able to analyze these problemspresent solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wang's thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any question?he carefully scrutinizes itif he finds any uncertain issue
he clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer.
Serving as his thesis advisor?I had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wang's mind works. In his senor thesis?Mr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards to″ANN″。 In our books in China?knowledge of ANNits uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topicconsequently?the materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult project?not only did Mr. Wang rise to the challenge?but he went abovebeyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sourcestest them for accuracy in practice. In this way?he found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligencehard work made me extremely proud of him.
尊敬的多莫斯设计学院(Doumus Academy教授:
你好!我叫李xx,是广州服装设计师协会的主席、广州时尚周(Guangzhou Fashion Week的执行主席、纺织服装专业的副教授。我非常高兴地向你推荐我的学生会员冯xx,并且相信它能够出色的完成在贵校(Doumus Academy服装设计硕士课程的学习。
在20xx年x月举行的广州时尚周(Guangzhou Fashion Week期间,由广州美术学院(GuangZhou Academy of Fine Arts向我推荐冯xx同学,我安排了冯xx同学参加时尚周的时装发布后台的模特、化妆、服装管理的组织工作,冯xx担任一个小组的组长,她成功优秀的组织了五个时装品牌发布会的后台工作, 充分体现冯xx同学的个性稳重、具高度责任感,工作积极主动、独立工作能力强,愿意在压力下工作,专业素质好。鉴于冯xx同学的优秀表现,她是被广州服装设计师协会吸收的唯一的在校大学生专业会员。
我已从事服装大学教育xx年,在广州大学纺织服装学院和科技学院担任副院长xx年,过去五年来,我指导过大约400名学生的独立研究项目。五年来,我每年两个假期带40名服装专业的实习生,他们都参与广州的大型服装品牌的产品设计开发,担任设计助理,包括前期调查、市场分析、面辅料和色彩策划、产品设计、工艺的分析、成衣的拍摄、服装服饰的.陈列设计。冯xx同学自20xx年起跟随我的研究项目,她对色彩、面辅料的市场把握度很高,设计作品与品牌理念保持一致,她的设计思想活跃、创新精神尤佳,尤其在服装服饰的陈列设计、饰品和饰物的设计开发方面有超越传统的能力,并在市场得到了验证。她对服装材料研究,对色彩、品牌文化和设计元素的整合应用总是能提出创新的观点。冯xx同学是我从教从业20多年极其少见的独具设计天赋和潜力的优秀学生。偶尔地,她的坚韧和坚持会变成固执,但通常她都性格很好,头脑也很冷静。
我知道多莫斯设计学院(Domus Academy,一所被称为后工业化时代欧洲最著名的设计学院。中国的经济在高速发展,中国政府在大力的扶持创意产业,中国服装业从以前的来料加工到现在变成现在的有自主创新设计品牌的时期,很需要国际化的人才。
我竭力向贵院推荐冯xx同学,我希望贵校能给她一个机会,让她在贵校严谨的学风和良好的学习环境中继续发挥她的特长,进一步提高专业知识,拓宽视野。望贵校考虑她的申请。
如需要了解冯xx同学的更多的情况,请随时和我联系,或给我发电子邮件,我的个人邮箱:xxxxxx@163.com
谢谢!
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