一般的书信由六个部分构成。这六个部分是:称呼、问候、正文、、署名、日期。下面分别说说它们在格式上的要求。
(1)称呼
写一封信,先要把收信人的称呼顶格写在第一行,然后,再在后面加上冒号,表示下面有话要说。
(2)问候语
问候语要写在称呼的下一行,空两格。它可以独立成为一段。
(3)正文
正文一般分为连接语、主体文、总括语三个部分。每一个部分开头都应另起一行,空两格落笔。
(4)祝福语
祝福语是表示致敬或祝贺一类的话,如“此致”、“祝”等。应独占一行,空两格写。另外,在写与“此致”或“祝”相配套的“敬礼”、“健康”等一类表示祝福的话语时,一般要另起一行顶格写。
(5)署名
写完信之后,在信的右下角写上发信人的姓名叫做署名。在署名的前面一般还要加上合适的称谓,如“你的同学”、“你的好友”,“您的学生”等。
(6)日期
日期写在署名的下一行。
就是阅读后,将自己的心得、、感想等写出来。也叫。
敬爱的“东方第一哨”的解放军叔叔:
你们好!您知道吗?您的光辉事迹已被记录在了小学语文S版的课本上,而我,就是一个刚学了这篇课文的小学生。
学习后,我对你们吃苦耐劳和崇向美好的品质产生了无比的敬佩。你们能顶着最冷达零下四十摄氏度的冰天雪地里巡逻,还要每天凿冰取水,是非常不容易的;你们天天起得比太阳还早,而且唯一尊贵的地方就是一片小土坡,建起了一个小小的升旗场,在这片升旗场上的风景,是很美很美的,你们就像一座界碑,一座庄严而又雄伟的界碑,你们用惊人的胆识与生命,建立起一道坚固的防线,值得信赖的防线,你们还冒着严寒在爬冰卧雪,坚守着这小小的哨所,是多么的寒冷、多么的荒凉,你们还是顶着风,冒着雪,表现出天立地的男子汉的英雄气概,你们为祖国坚守着边防站,是非常值得学习的。
虽然我没有亲身体验过你们的生活,不过我一样能体会出,零下四十摄氏度的寒冷与艰辛,在小小的哨所中忍受那种痛苦难耐的'寂寞。你们强忍着这种痛苦的寂寞,不怕寒冷地守着边界线,为了保卫祖国和人民的安宁,你们付出了太多了……
我,每天早晨起床时总是赖在温暖的被窝里,从六点磨蹭到六点五分;作业有难题了,总是不想。可最后一想,挺简单的。以后,我要改正缺点,发扬优点!
我深知,今天的幸福生活和良好的学习条件是与你们的艰苦付出紧紧相连的,你们为了祖国安宁的献身精神值得敬佩,我一定会努力学习,长大后像你们一样报效祖国!
在此,衷心祝福你们身体健康!万事顺意!
xxx
为了记住故事梗概,读了一篇较长文章后,抓住主要内容,把它缩写成短文。
不同的读书笔记有不同的作用,可根据实际选择、确定。
其次,不论写什么样的读书笔记,有几点是共同的,也是应注意的。
①必须认真地读懂原作。这是写好读书笔记的前提。提纲笔记、心得笔记要以读懂原作为基础。就是摘抄笔记,也应细读原文。否则,你的摘抄就可能断章取义,就可能抄破了句。
②态度要严肃、认真、细致。严肃是尊重原作,不要有意歪曲原作的意思,更不要为了达到个人目的,故意断章取义;认真,指应该认真阅读,认真分析,力求抓住原作的要点、重点、精彩的地方,不能马虎从事;细致,指摘抄原文后一字一句校对,不能有误差,连原书作者、出版者、出版时间等也要记得详细,不要怕麻烦。因为这时的任何粗心,都会在以后付出更大的代价。如多少年后,你想引用这段名言,却因没记原作者名字,你想查出名言的出处,那时恐怕连书也找不到了,想用也不好用。如果摘抄时记得细致,就不会有这种麻烦了。
读书笔记的概念及实例
人们在平时的学习和生活中,把自己阅读书籍的和精彩内容整理记录下来的文字材料。
读书笔记的作用
(1)作读书笔记可帮助记忆,弥补脑力不足,有效提高读书效率。
(2)做读书笔记可锻炼思考能力。读完书用笔记记下来,想一想,这便是思考,常思考,可锻炼人的思维的条理性,逻辑性和分析综合能力。
(3)可积累有用材料,开拓视野,提高语言文字表达能力。
(4)作笔记会产生新的思考,有利于发现新问题,有利于研究新问题。
亲爱的老爸:
您好!
我突然觉得摔倒的时候,疼痛之余有一丝恐惧,因为要在伤口上擦碘酒。但在擦碘酒的同时,也有一份温暖,因为从中体会到了您对我的爱。
有一天,我早训的时候被球网给缠住了,摔了一下,使前一天在小树迷宫摔的伤口又出了。放学到家,我向您诉说:“今天我太惨了,和同学一起在球网边聊天,结果绊了一下摔了一跤。”我卷起了袖子,“您看,不过不是很痛,只是关节部位不易愈合而已。”您皱了皱眉头,说:“那得擦点碘酒了。”“啊!不!擦碘酒很痛的!我不擦!”我有点紧张。“不擦也得擦,擦了对伤口愈合有帮助。”看着您严肃的表情,我有点害怕了,只得妥协。
过了一会儿,您拿来了一瓶碘酒和一袋棉签。您拧开了碘酒瓶的盖子,用棉签往里蘸了蘸,在我的伤口上来回擦试。一阵刺痛过后,终于平静了。几天之后,伤口渐渐愈合了。
后来我才知道,如果不及时清理受伤的部位,伤口就会化浓,那样是很危险的。我突然觉得您给我擦碘酒时我是多么幸福,虽然痛在身上,却暖在心里。
此致
敬礼
您的儿子:XX
就是将读过的书的中心思想、段落大意、内容要点及写作方法等等,以提纲挈领的方式写出来。
I read the Chinese version of “Camille” a few years ago. At that time I was deeply moved by the main character Marguerite Gautier. “Camille” or “The Lady of the Camellias” by Alexandre Dumas, fils, is the story of Marguerite Gautier, a young courtesan, or kept woman, in Paris in the mid 1800's, and how she falls in love with a young man, Armand Duval, and then tries to escape from her questionable past. Unfortunately, it comes back to haunt her and she ends up returning to that life and dies painfully and alone, but with the knowledge that she was a noble woman at heart. When I first began to read the book, I did not care for Marguerite or her attitude or lifestyle, but as I got further into the narrative, I realized that her saucy attitude was a front to cover the lonely woman that she really was. She felt used, abused and unloved, until the gentle Armand Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and not for what she could do for him. It must have taken great courage for Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing all along that it was probably too good to be true and would not last indefinitely. And it also showed that Marguerite really loved Armand Duval for she could even change herself for him.
However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armand's father, came to her, pleading for her to leave Armand to save both Armand's reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that.some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in debt and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had. I think Dumas's last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also agreed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.
As far as the other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from her, the only exceptions being Armand and Julie Duprat. Of course, the Comte de G. and Comte de N. wanted her body and appearance. The
Duke needed to “wake up and smell the coffee” and realize that she could never replace his dead daughter. If he truly cared, he could have helped her leave her lifestyle without “keeping” her himself. And lastly, Prudence was a blood-sucking leech who used Marguerite almost worse than the men. I also think she was jealous of the fact that Marguerite had so much more courage than herself and someone truly loved her.
Last morning, when tiding my bookshelf, I took this book out of the shelf, and a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. I held it against the morning light and blew on it. The soft breeze carried it away. Camille is just like the camellia, she could never escape from the destiny of withering. But it wasn’t her fault; it’s because of the evil of Capitalism and the hideousness of that society.
Suddenly, I remembered a saying: “Women are like the flowers”. Those pretty women are like those beautiful flowers; their delicate beauty makes people feel they are the miracle of life. However, even the God envies their beauty. It seems that beautiful women always have tragic endings. As we are normal persons, even we can see the hideousness of humanity that results in their fate of withering, we can at most ask quietly in our hearts: Where have those beautiful flowers gone? Where have they gone?
The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe
It seemed to be such a coincidence that the night after I finished reading The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, I was to dine in a restaurant distinctly related to the book itself. This restaurant was no other than the famous American-styled “Friday ’s. ” The reason for mentioning this restaurant is quite straightforward to all the gentlemen, ladies and children who have read the novel and enjoyed it, which is the fact that this restaurant was, most likely, named after the American Native in Robinson Crusoe, called Friday. This restaurant offers very exceptional service, for instance when the waitresses are asked to order dishes they kneel rather than stand, which, unlike the other restaurants I have been to, makes it easier for the customers to hear them speak. Moreover, Friday’s friendly services to the customers help them to make better choices when ordering dishes. I remembered when I went to Friday ’s last time; the waitress kindly described the items on the menu with precise details. It turned out that the combo I initially wanted was designed to be shared among a large group, not to be eaten by one person. I think this restaurant shows many commendable features similar to that of Friday. Friday brought emotional warmth to the people around him with his appealing personality. I think it was this personality that affected Crusoe and made him say that he loved Friday when Crusoe didn ’t express love for his parents, brothers, sisters, or even his wife. “When he espied me, he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making many antic gestures to show it to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived.” This was what Friday did after Crusoe had rescued him from the two savages chasing him. It was easy for me to see why Crusoe had loved Friday. After sometime, Crusoe and Friday were to rescue Friday’s father. When Friday reunited with his father, the scene was easy to move anyone: “It would have moved anyone to tears to have seen how Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, halloed, jumped about, danced,
sung; and then sung and jumped about again, like a distracted creature. It was a good while before I could make him speak to me.” This is my favourite chapter in the whole book. It is hard to see why Friday is an ex-savage when he can have personalities more praiseworthy than many civilized people, viz. Crusoe himself. “When he (Friday went to him (Friday’s father, he would sit down by him, open his breast, and hold his father’s head close to his bosom, half an hour together, to nourish it; then he took his arms and ankles, which were numbed and stiff with the binding, and rubbed them with his hands.” Furthermore, Friday’s expression of loyalty in asking Crusoe to kill him rather than leave him is more heartfelt than anything Crusoe ever says or does.
Crusoe, on the absolute contrary, seems incapable of deep feelings, as shown by his account of leaving his family—he never shows any emotions. After a moving lecture from Robinson’s father about his future, he still decided to follow his own wandering ambition. Careless was he about the wishes of his parents to keep him alive and prosperous, as he was the only child left in the family. When he came back from the island which he had lived on for twenty eight years, he found that it had been too late to tell his parents that he was still alive, but yet again he did not feel sorry for them; he also did not feel sorry for the two people who had to live in misery for nearly thirty years under the allusion all of their sons were dead. He had the same feelings for his wife: when he was married, he said it was “not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction”, implying that it was also neither to his advantage nor his satisfaction. Moreover, after his wife died, Robinson did not think of looking after the three children they had, but went back to the island, which he had lived on for twenty-eight years. It was on this trip which Robinson Crusoe revisited “His Island ” as he called it. I feel that Robinson ’s indifference to his family is almost emotionally cruel.
Before had clearly shown the contrast between Crusoe’s and Friday’s personalities, as when Friday, in his joyful reunion with his father, displayed far more emotion toward his family members than Crusoe, whereas Crusoe never mentions missing his family or dreams about the happiness of seeing them again. I think Defore is very successful in introducing Friday as part of the novel, it makes the whole novel seem much more complete and gripping to the reader, as well as proving that Defoe’s ideology of racism is civilized unlike many other Europeans at that time; natives and savages are not worse than others but can perhaps even be more modern and civilized. Those are the reasons of why I like The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe and Friday.
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