例11.云卷云舒,卷舒的是心灵的纯净无暇;雁过雁往,过往的是人性的清姿丽影;花开花落,开落的是灵魂的郁秀芬芳。(山东日照满分文《给我一个懂你的机会》作者文笔优美,此开头选取了自然界中几个画面进行描写,用语典押,句式整齐,朗朗上口,富有韵味。
例2.叶子,是不会飞翔的翅膀;翅膀,是落在天上的叶子。(重庆满分文《翅膀,落在天上的叶子》题记 这个题记采用比喻的方法来揭示“翅膀”和“叶子”的关系。“翅膀”和“叶子”怎么可以划上等于号呢?这个疑问,犹如一个谜团,一下子勾起阅读者的好奇心,只有当你读完全文才知道这是一篇“丑小鸭变成小天鹅”翻版的童话故事,作者用一个落叶代替“丑小鸭”,写他的无悔选择,写他的执著梦想,写他的美好心灵,新颖独到,让人耳目一新。
线索是在文章中起连贯作用的。如果有了好的材料,再加上有使之连贯的线索,那么文章就成为一串美丽的珍珠。在一篇文章里,事物发展的过程或作者所表述的思路,常常成为贯串始终的一条线索。读文章,抓住了线索,就容易掌握段落结构,领会中心思想。写时,抓住了线索,就容易做到围绕中心,组织材料,使文章中心明确,条理井然,显得内容集中,脉络清晰。
aboutasto
getacquire(knowledge/skills
offerafford(jobopportunities
expectanticipatechanges/difficulities
solvetackle/grapplewith
raiseelevate/heighten
mostimportantoverriding/override
combinesynthesize
supportuphold(ournationalvalues
deepen
weak
usetoomuch
becauseof
satisfy
learn
finally
right
know
miss
dotogether
boring
balance
difference
prettybutlessuseful
fresh
happenagain
good
difficult
perfect
urgent
sad
many/toomuch
fast-growing
maketrue
should
control
broadenone’shorizon
spendAonB
AisimportanttoB
finishsthby
decidetodo
sthisimportant
finditdifficulttodofuelvfuelconflictssap/one’sconfidencestretchnaturalresourcestothelimitattributeto/ascribetomeet/begearedtoward+sthdrawonothers’experienceendupdoing/endwithmakesensenaildownpassuppitchinsitthroughequilibriumecologicalequilibriumdistinctionnicetiesnoveltyrecurringpaindesirableundesirable:notgoodchallengingflawlesspressingbittermounting/awealthofburgeoningpopulationfulfillbesupposetoholdfasttoone’sdreamexpandone’soutlookdedicateAtoBAbeanessentialingredientof/bepartandparcelof/bethecornerstoneofBexploreeveryavenuetowardmakeitapointtodobeamilepostinbehard-pressedtodo/haveahardtimedoingsth
conflictbeatoddswith
few/littleverylittle,ifany
opposefrownon
befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith
todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto
concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout
meanspelldisaster/troublefor
makesthsthAhasrenderBsth
tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall
growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames
seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective
thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail
bedevotedtobebenton/upon
showmirror/embody
differentthewholespectrumof
turningpointbeawatershed
accordingtointheeyesof
affecthinder
ageera
aimtargetv
andalongwith/aswellas
andsoonthelike
appearmushroom/springup/sproutup
applyputintopractice
askconsult
aspectsphere
attachenclose
attracttempt/appealto
audienceviewer
basisfoundation
beabletobecapableto
beconvenientatone’sconvenience
begoodatbeskilledat
behelpfulbeofhelp
beimportantbeofimportance
benearbearoundthecorner
beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar
besuretobeboundto
besurprisedatbeamazedat
beuselessbeofnouse
bearbeloadedwith
becauseofdueto
becomefashionablecomeintoafashion
becomehappycheerup
beforeoriginal
buildfound/putup/shape
buyafford
byoneselfallalone
carefulattentive
causeattributeto/leadto
changemodify/shift/fluctuation
changewithvarywith
cheatingdeception
choosefrommakeachoicebetween
clearevident/self-evident
comefromstemfrom/springfrom
comeoutcomeforth
complainplaceacomplaintagainst
considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto
consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead
controlinthegripsof
cooperatejoinhandswith
decidedetermine
deepprofound/far-reaching
dependonhingeupon/counton
dependononeselfliveonone’sown
developcultivate/buildup
difficultybarrier
diligentindustrious
dogoinfor/carryout
dogooddofavor/helpv
dropdecline/ontheebb
eatlessgoonadiet
emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv
enablefacilitate
encouragespursbonto/motivate
endangerjeopardize
enforcestrengthen
engagemajorin
enjoybecrazyabout
enlargebroaden
enoughadequate
evaluatespeakhighlyof
explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor
facebefacedwith/faceup
failfrustrate
failurefrustration
fameprestige
famousprominent
famouspeoplegalaxy
feelingpassion/sentiments
findlocate
findoutsortout
finishaccomplish
firelayoff
fixinginstallation
focusoncenteron
forexampleacaseinpoint
foreverpermanent
futureprospective
getacquire/regain
getridofeliminate
givegrant/issue
give/supplyprovide…with
giveattentiontogivepriorityto
globaluniversal
goonbringforward
goalheart’sdesire
goodbeneficial
goodstudentstopstudents
goodsnecessity
greatenormous/dramatic
greatprime/utmost
greetingsregards
growflourish
happinesswell-being
havepossess
havearelationshipwithbeontermswith
hopelookforwardto
hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising
ignoreneglect
illnessdisease
importantessential/vita
improveenhance/boost/upgrade
improvementadvance
ingroupsintwosandthrees
includemakeup
increasesoar
influencemold
intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy
interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus
investigationsurvey
joboccupation/employment
joinmaintain/holdonto
keepmaintain/holdonto
killoneselfcommitsuicide
knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand
leavedepartfrom
likepreference
limitconfine
loadburden
lookaroundexamine
lookforruninto/huntfor
lookup…inreferto
lowerinferior
makenervousplacestrainon
makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee
makesurethattoseeitthat…
manyberichin/countless
meetruninto/comeacross
messchaos
necessaryindispensable
needbeinneedof
nothesitatefeelfreetodosth
notknowbeignorantof
number
obvious
occupation
offer
only
outcome
overcome
pass
payattentionto
people
perform
period
例8.每个人降临人世时都没有翅膀,惟有读书才能使生命飞翔。(重庆满分文《读书——生命飞翔的羽翼》开头这章的思路相当开阔,一般人很少将读书和“翅膀”话题联系在一起,考生一开头以比喻句“每个人降临人世时都没有翅膀,惟有读书才能使生命飞翔”开启下文,很好地凸现了文章的主旨“读书——生命飞翔的羽翼”。
1.以事情发展顺序为线索,就是按照事情的发生,发展,经过和结果的顺序,如《落地的红枣也不能吃》。就是按照事情的起因,经过和结果的线索来写的。
2.以时间顺序为线索,就是把事情发展过程中比较明显的`时间写出来,并叙述在此时间内发生的内容。
3.以地点变换的顺序作线索,以写景、参观访问过程为内容的文章一般用地点变化顺序作线索,叙述时要写清每个地点上的事情。
4.以具体的事物为线索。
5.以中心事件为线索。中心事件在文章中起主干作用,围绕它来写一些相关的事
6.以事物特点的几个方面为线索。
并不是所有的文章都只有一条线索,有的文章是双线并行甚至是三条线索展开的。如《少年闰土》这篇文章,明线是在写闰土的特点,暗线写出了我的思想感情的变化。
例3.又是炎夏了,开始有知了叫了。(北京满分文《动力来自那双眸子》开头这篇文章不落别人窠臼,独辟蹊径,从小处切入,从一双具体可见、可感的“眸子”切入,来写一位数学教师的目光情感的传达,给班上的每一位学生所带来的阳光般的温暖和突飞式的进步。此处开头的自然环境描写,既渲染了特定的气氛,衬托了人物的心情,又推动了故事情节的发展。
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