All arguments include the same parts: the introduction, the body, the response to opposing views and the conclusion.
议论文由以下几部分组成:引言(主题、背景和观点),正文(分论点、论据和论证),回应反方论点(列出反方论点,并说明你的论点优于反方论点),结论(重申论点,总结论证,并最后说服读者)。
To reach your readers in argument, you apeal directly to their reason and emotions, you present yourself as someone worth heeding, and you account for views opposing your own.
议论文中,为使读者信服,作者可以直接诉求读者的理性和感情,把自己表现成值得注意的,并对与自己相反的观点进行论述。
传统的习作批语往往就文章的中心是否明确、内容是否具体、条理是否清晰、语句是否通顺等作出逐一评判,大同小异,千篇一律,这样的习作批语仿佛全都是“克卤出来的,让教师自己也觉得乏味,更不用说学生面对这样僵化的批语会有何等厌烦的情绪了。而好的作文批语,不仅能让学生在温馨的语言中明白自己作文存在的不足,还能让学生激起习作热情。如何让批语点燃学生习作的希望之火?
共鸣需要心理的平行,而要想让你的评语具有吸引力,让他们感受到作文的魅力,你还必须让你的点评语言与孩子有一定的平行性,即你的作文评语应该是他们乐于接受的语言。平行除了表现在语言文字的表达外,还可以借助其他多种形式,如QQ表情,就是一种简洁而明快的评价语言。会心的一笑,调皮,摆酷。难为情……都可以成为你作文评语的一种。如徐梦婷同学在《粗心的我》作文中写了因为自己没有将洗笔杯冲刷干净,而导致了想画紫葡萄却画出了黑葡萄的粗心事。我一连用了三个夸张的大笑表情之后,这样点拨:“悄悄地告诉你一个小技巧:如果在画葡萄之前不交代瓶子没有洗干净,而等花出了黑葡萄发现不对劲时,才明白交代其中原委,这样作文就有了一个起伏,显得有了‘情节’读起来会让人随文而入。这就叫引人入胜。”当她在习作中竟然意外学会了一些方法,会有多么的惊喜,相信在以后的作文中会更精心了。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
学生受知识和能力的限制,习作中出现一些错误也是正常的。教师的批语必须体现出足够的耐心和诚意,要让学生感受到批语是师生情感交流和沟通的载体,是老师对学生真切关心的表现,因此批语要写得委婉,富有艺术性,尽量避免刺激性,既要有鼓励性,又要有建议性,使学生既能看到自己的成绩,又能在愉悦中接受老师的修改建议。如一学生在写《包饺子》一文使,把如何准备包饺子的过程写得很具体,但包饺子的过程却一笔带过,草草收笔,显然是没有抓住重点。我在批语中写道:“看来包饺子确实很辛苦,可是老师还没学会包饺子你却结束了,能通过具体的语言文字教教老师怎样包饺子吗?”如此讲究艺术性的批语,如此平等意义上的亲切对话,必然会投桃报李,换取学生心灵上的感动。增强他们继续超越自我的信心。
Whether your argument is reasonable or not depends heavily on the evidence you marshal to support it.
论据用来支持观点,论据的使用直接决定了论证的合理性。
© 2022 zuowencangku.com,All Rights Reserved.