1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Therearesomephotosonthewall.They’reverybeautiful.
Inthemiddleoftheroom,thereismybed.It’snotsobig,butit’svery
comfortable.Everynight,Ilayonthebedandhaveagooddream.Ontherightofthebed,thereismydeskandchair.They’reinfrontofthewindow.Mycomputerisonthedesk.Thereisalamponthedesk,too.Icandomyhomeworkhereandplaycomputergames.
Mybookshelfisontheleftofthebed.Therearealotofstorybooksandpicturebooksintheshelf.Ilikethemverymuch.
Noteveryonehasabedroom.I’mverylucky,becauseIhaveaverybeautifulbedroom.I’lltrymybesttokeepitcleanandtidy.
1.OurSchool
Ourschoolisinthewestofthecity.Itisverybigwithatallteachingbuilding.Therearethirtyclassrooms,amodernlibrary,adinninghallandagym.Thereisabigplaygroundwhereweoftenhavesports.Therearelotsoftreesandflowersbesidetheplayground.Therearemorethanfivehundredstudentsandteachersinourschoolandweallworkhard.Ourschoolissobeautifulthatwealllikeitverymuch.
2.Howdidyouspendyoursummervacation
Ihadabusyandinterestingsummervacation.IdidmyhomeworkeverydaysoIfinisheddoingmyhomeworktendaysbeforethenewterm.Ialsoplayedtabletennisandbasketballwithmyfriendseveryday.Isometimeswent
moviesandwenttotheparkswithmyfriends.Isurfedtheinternet,readbooksandwatchedTVeveryevening.Ivisitedmygrandparentsandhelpedthemwiththehousework,too.Ihelpedmyparentscleantheroomandcookmeals.ThemostimportantwasthatmyparentsandIwenttoHannanIslandandspentaweekthere.
3..AhappyDay
Itwassunnyandveryhottoday.Igotupearlyandhelpedmyparentscookbreakfast.ThenIwashedthedishesandcleanedtheroom.AfterashortrestIdidmyhomeworkinthemorning.IntheafternoonIwentswimminginthe
nearestswimmingpoolwithmyfriends.Itwasreallycooltoswiminsuchahotday.Isurfedtheinternetandreadastorybookintheevening.Ireallyhadabusyandhappyday.今天天气晴朗比较热。我起得很早,帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。下午我和朋友去我家最近的游泳池游泳。在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很快乐。
4.给笔友的一封信
DearLucy
Iamverygladtohearfromyou.Nowletmeintroducemyselftoyou.MynameisLiLei.Iamelevenyearsold.Iamtallwithapairofglasses.NowIam
studyingatYuyingPrimarySchool.IaminClassOne,Grade5.Ilikesingingandplayingthepianoverymuch.IamgoodatEnglishandChinese.很高兴收到你的来信。现在让我介绍我自己。我叫李雷。11岁。我高个子、带眼镜。我在育英小学。我在五年级一班。我非常喜欢唱歌和弹钢琴。我数学和语文学得都很好。
6。暑假打算
Iwillhaveabusysummervacation.Iamgoingtodomyhomeworkeveryday.Iamgoingtothelibrarytoborrowsomebooksandgototheshopstobuysomebooks.Iamgoingtodosportssuchasplayingtabletennis,swimmingandsoon.Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparentsandstaythereforaweek.Iamgoingtohelpmyparentsdosomehousework.我暑假会很忙。我每天要写作业。我打算去图书馆去借书、去商店买书。我要做运动,如:打乒乓球、游泳等。我要去看爷爷奶奶并在那住一周。我要帮父母做家务。
7.自我介绍
Hello,everyone.MynameisKelly.Iamfriendlyandhonest.IamgoodatEnglishandmaths.Ilikesurfingtheinternet,playingcomputergames,watchingTVandtraveling.IalsolikeplayingtabletennisandIamgoodatit,too.Ioftenplaytabletenniswithmyfriendsonweekends.AndIwanttobeafamoustabletennisplayerwhenIgrowup.WhatIlikemostistoseethe
seagullsflyingfreelyintheskysoIoftengototheseainsummer.MyfavouritecolouriswhitebecauseIthinkwhiteissymbolizepurity.大家好我的名字叫KELLY.我很友好、诚实。我擅长英语和数学。我爱上网、玩电脑网络游戏、看电视和旅游。我也喜欢打乒乓球。我经常和朋友们在周末打乒乓球,长大了我想当一个乒乓球运动员。最喜欢在海边看着海鸥自由自在的飞翔,因此在夏天我经常去海边。白色是我的最爱。因为我觉得白色是纯洁的象征。
8.海南之旅
wenttoHainanIslandwithmyparentsforaholidyandwestayedthereforaweek.IttookusonlymorethanthreehourstogettoHaikouairport.Weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandthesoftwind.Wewalkedonthebeachandpickedupthebeautifulshells.Wealsosufedonthewavesanditwasreallyexciting.Weplayedballgamesonthebeachaswell.IbelievedHainanwasreallyanattractivecitywithfamousbeachandmountains.WereallyenjoyedthebeautifulsceneryofHainan.
9.AniceSunday
ItisSundayanditisafinedaytoday.WecometothePeopleParkwithourEnglishteacherwhocamefromCanada.Look!Tomandotherfiveboysareplayingfootball.Cinaandsomegirlstudentsareflyingkites.AliceandIaretakingphotosnearthepark.Aliceandweareveryhappy.AlicehelpsusalotwithourEnglish.
今天是星期天,天气晴朗。我们和来自Canada的英语老师Alice来到人民公园。瞧,Tom和五个男同学在踢球;Cina和一些女同学在放风筝;我和Alice正在公园附近拍照。Alice和我们都非常高兴。Alice在英语方面帮助了我们很多。
10.Thismorning,Iwokeupwithastart:myclockwasalarming.Unwillinglyopenedmyeyes,Ifounditwas6:30already.Nevertheless,theroomwasverygloomy,foritwasrainingoutside.Whatacoldday!HowcomfortableitwouldbeifIcouldstayinbedforthewholeday,readingafavouritebookinthe
soundofrain.But,Ididhavetogotowork.Thoughitwasarushhour,ontheway,therewerefewerpeoplethanusual.Manypeoplearduouslyheldanumbrellawhichwasalwaysblowndownbyablastofwind.Fortunately,Iwasdressedinaraincoat.Severalyardsaway,apolicemanwasguidingthetrafficintherain.Iwasfilledwithdeepesteemforhisseriousness.Ikeptthinkingoftoday'splanforashortwhileand,then,Iwasinmyoffice.Abusydayisbeginning……
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
一),从你的好友WangLin的appearance,personality,hobbies等方面叙述他过去和现在
的不同。
Ihaveafriend.HisnameisWangLin.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforthreeyears.Hehas
changedalot.Heusedtobethinandshort.Hewasalittleshywhenhewasintheprimary
school.Hisfaceturnedredwhenhetalkedtogirls.Butnowheistallandalittlefat.Heisn’tshy
anymore.Heisoutgoing.Heoftenplaysbasketballwithhisclassmatesafterschool.Heusedto
likeplayingpingpong,butnowhelikesplayingbasketball.Hethinksplayingbasketballcan
makehimgrowtallerandstronger.Hedidn’tusetolikeEnglish,butnowheis
interestedinit.Nowheispopular.Lookatthegirlsaroundhim.
二),可以从长相,性格,学习等方面谈论自己的变化。
Mylifehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.Iusedtohaveshorthair,butnowIhavelong
hair.InthepastIwasquietandshy.However,nowI’mactiveandoutgoing,andlliketalking
withothers.
ThebiggestchangeinmylifewasthatIusedtoplaycomputergamesanddidbadlyin
English,butnowIhavemadegreatprogresswiththehelpofmyEnglishteacher.Thisisthemost
importantchangebecauseatalkwithherinfluencedme.IfIwanttoplaybetter,Ishouldlearn
Englishbetter.NowIamgoodatEnglish.Thismakesmyteacherandparentstakeprideinme
now.
三),生活多姿多彩,变化无处不在。假设今年暑假你回到了你三年前就读过的小学,你发
现学校已经发生了很大的变化。原来陈旧的教学楼变成了高大的新教学楼;过去学生们只能
在教学楼前活动,现在他们可以在绿树成荫的大操场玩耍。原来只能整天在教室里学习,现
在有了电脑室,美术室,音乐室····
Thissummervacation,Iwentbacktotheprimaryschool.Istudiedtherethreeyearsago.
Ifindtheschoolhaschangedalot.Inthepast,theteachingbuildingswereold,butnowthereare
tallandnewteachingbuildings.Weusedtodosomeactivitiesonlyinfrontoftheteaching
buildings,butnowtherearebigplaygroundwithlotsoftreesaroundit.Wecanplaythere.
Weusedtostudyintheclassroomallday,butnowtherearecomputerclassrooms,artclassrooms,
musicclassroomsandsoon.Ihopetheschoolwillbecomebetterandmorebeautiful.
四),(改自江苏省南通市中考题请你按照下面表格的提示,写一篇题为“ChangesinMy
Hometown
要求:1.2.或者以单项对比的方式写一篇短文;
3.词数:80词左右(包括已经写出的单词)。
ChangesinMyHometown
分析:本篇作文的题目和要点已经给定,有两种写法,一是今昔整体对比,也就是先说明过
去的总体情况,再说明现在的总体情况;二是单项对比,也就是先说明过去的房子是什么样
子的,而现在的房子是什么样子的,按照不同的比较项目逐一列举。最后也可通过对比,表
达自己对家乡变化的喜悦之情或对家乡的热爱。
在选词方面,同学们可灵活运用本单元重点结构usedtodo/be或thereusedtobe/do,注
在采访中,连奕名坦言这次在剧中有了一个全新的体验:“作为演员,这次我所尝试的角色和以前是截然不同的,很有挑战性的。我演的是一个纨绔子弟,有着非常顽皮的一面。这部戏里也有很多的喜剧因素,他会唱京剧,说评书,这对我来说也不难。”而聂远的加盟也全靠连奕名的关系。“要知道聂远可从来不演配角的,这次纯粹是帮我的忙。”作为导演,连奕名已经导了七部抗战作品,“我觉得我的知识储备都用完了,有点江郎才尽的感觉。接下来的一两年内,我会慢慢调整往古装戏和情感戏上导。”
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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