马云说,如毕业于名校,就用欣赏的眼光看待别人,如果毕业于三四流学校,就用欣赏的眼光看看自己,为什么?我认为,不同的位置有不同的做法,应该正确看待自己。
当一个人处于高位,骄傲自满的时候会怎样?数家大企业,由辉煌转为破产,只因为瞧不起后生,不跟随后生时代的脚步,最后被时代抛弃,落后于曾看不起或不在意的人,原因很简单,他们仅欣赏自己,眼光放在自己身上,而从未放在别人身上。
而当一个人处于略微自卑的位置,从不把欣赏放在自己身上,而是放在比自己优秀的人身上时,他又会怎样?愈发自卑,愈发无自信,无非两种可能罢了。从此可见,正确定位,以事业的方式看到自己是应当的。
有人赚得多高,看得就有多远,当然身处高处,感到高处不胜寒时,不如用欣赏的眼光看待别人,看他们的优点,找到自己的不足和缺陷,进一步改进自己更高的山,看个景,借此减少骄傲的产生,让内心平静,不应站得高就闭上眼睛,不尊重知识,把他人忽略,从而导致落后。以清明为例,如非闭关锁国,自认为天朝路上多不看他国优秀的武器,何会导致战败?
当生活在农村的学生来到城市中读书会有怎样的状态?只看到其他人的优秀,而忽略自己的.优秀,不去欣赏一下自己的闪光点,以致自卑,感觉低人一等,没有前进的动力,应该学会欣赏自己,发现自己身上他人所未拥有或少有的品性和东西,最终如马云一般,以三四流的学校毕业文凭,走到如今身价数百亿的阿里巴巴ceo的位置。
若身处低处,不如放开自己,给予自己的枷锁,用欣赏的眼光看自己,欣赏自己,而不是一直羡慕他人,而不去尝试让自己成为所羡慕的人。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
首先,从空间上来说。“第一”决不是绝对的“第一”。在学校里得了“第一”,也许出了校门,就是“第二”。在国家得了“第一”,跨出国界,能列第几就很难说了。中国的篮球运动在亚洲也算是名列前茅了,在亚运会上也得过金牌,可是一到奥运会比赛,名次就落后许多了。就算在地球上得个“第一”,也不代表在离地球不远的几亿个星球上也还能保持“第一”。所以,得了“第一”,决不可以目中无物,傲视天下,须知“天外有天,人外有人”。其次,从时间上来说,“第一”的脑袋上非得加两个大大的引号不可,万事万物都在无休止地发展,不断地进步,这会将“第一”抛到“第二”,甚至“第三”。在以前,马是跑得最快的,后来是汽车,接着是飞机,现在是宇宙飞船跑得最快了。在世界的.竞赛中,每一项世界纪录都不断在刷新,眼前的“第一”决不是永恒的。所以,每个“第一”都只是在某个空间的“第一”,某个时间的“第一”。当你得到“第一”时,决不能骄傲自大,而更应该虚怀若谷;决不能停步不前,而更应该奋进不止。须知,你得到的“第一”不过是“天空中的一朵小小的云彩”罢了。须知“骄傲使入落后,虚心使人进步”。也许,有一些人会说,既然“第一”如此微不足道,“第一”外还有“第一”,那么得个“第二”“第三”不也一样吗?如果这样说,就大错了。无论多么渺小的“第一”,都要加以肯定。为下一个“第一”奠定好基础,为夺取一个更大的“第一”而加倍奋斗。诚然,得到第一是值得自豪的,但要看你所采取的态度,是把它当作终点,还是作为新的起点。我们并不是否定“第一”,而是提倡人们取得“第一”后继续向前。我们的目标应该永远是下一个“第一”,惟有如此,人类才会不断进步。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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