生活中有许多的结,有绳结,有心结,有喜乐结……可《丁香结》这
读完这
其实,生活中我也会有丁香结。
有一次,妈妈在我去学校时往我手里塞了一百块钱(那天我过生日,在当时,一百块钱在我和同学的眼里已经是天文数字了。课间,我便把一百块钱拿出来显摆。看着同学们羡慕的眼光,我很是满足。可放学时,我的一百块钱却不翼而飞了。我心想:一定是我的同桌偷的。她家里穷,她的父母一分钱也不会给她……对,一定是她。于是,我气冲冲地去找我的同桌,果然,她手里正拿着一百块钱呢。证据确凿,就是她拿的!我生气地对她说:“把一百块钱还给我!”她愣了,说:“这是我的钱!”“不可能,你家里那么穷,你爸妈怎么会给你拿这么多钱呢”“我,我没拿,这是妈妈给我买学习资料的钱.......”“不想听你狡辩!哼!”我不由分说地一把把她手里的钱抢了过来,之后我就愤愤然地回家了,全然不知,我走后她趴在桌子上哭了很久。就这样,我和她的心中便系下了一个“结”。可当天晚上我却在书包里发现了我的一百块钱。我很后悔冤枉了她,第二天我便把钱还给了她。她很大度,原谅了我,我们心中的结也解开了。从那以后,我和她的关系便更加亲密了。
再读《丁香结》,我的感触更深了。这三个字总是能给人许多的想象。再联想那些诗句,真觉得它们象征着许多的谜题了。有的谜能解开,有的谜却永远解不开,这不就是人生吗
每个人的生活中都有不顺心的事,会在心里打上大大小小的“丁香结”,可是也正因为如此,人生才多姿多彩起来。所以,我们不能因为一些困难就放弃,因为一些误会就结下愁怨,而是应该主动去面对,去化解它。让这些“结”成为平淡无味生活里的点缀,并享受着这个解“结”的过程所带给我们的'新鲜体验和无穷乐趣。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
宗璞的《丁香结》课文中说道:“每个人一辈子都有许多不顺心的事,一件完了一件又来。所以丁香结年年都有。结,是结不完的;人生中的问题是结不完的,不然,岂不是太平淡无味了吗?”
宗璞原名冯钟璞,她眼里的丁香花旺盛,洁白无暇,同星星般的繁多;花苞圆圆鼓鼓,恰如盘花扣,却负担着解不开的愁怨。作者借助这几树的丁香把心中的豁达、积极的人生态度涌现在课文中。
每个人的人生都有许多令人难忘的经历。
我在二年级的时候第一次接触乐器——竹笛。第一节课,沈老师娓娓动听地竹笛的制作过程、笛膜的使用方法、握笛方法、如何吹笛换气等知识。我觉得最难的部分就是学习吹笛的部分,看沈老师把竹笛放在嘴边,呼一口气就能让竹笛发出“呜呜”的声音,我学者沈老师的样子把竹笛捧在嘴边,撅起嘴装模做样的呼一口气,但竹笛似乎抿起嘴,不愿意搭理我。我这样反反复复试了二十多次,竹笛就是不愿意出声。回到家里我气急败坏地看着竹笛说“笛子啊笛子,你为什么不出声呢?我那么喜欢你,我们还做不做朋友啦?”无论我怎么问它,竹笛依旧不回答我。静下来一会我想去喝瓶牛奶润润嗓子。牛奶瓶就是一个小口的玻璃瓶,在瓶口上吹一口气就能发出“呜呜”声。在吹瓶口时我灵机一动,好像明白了什么,赶紧回到屋里,拿起竹笛,像吹瓶口一样吹它,竹笛居然响了,我兴奋起来一连吹了好多声。后来我还试了如何把低音吹的像水烧开了的声音,高音像火车鸣笛的声音……
万事开头难,把基本功练扎实,后面的许多过程就能迎面而解了。在以后的几个月里,我多次受到沈老师的鼓励和表扬。这也一直激励着我勇敢地去面对生活和学习中的困难。
像丁香结一样,坎坷、挫折随时都可能出现,只要做好最充分的准备,它们都可以在人生的直线中打上一个漂亮的结。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
初读宗璞的《丁香结》,就像隔着一层轻纱去赏丁香的潇洒,去解丁香理不清的愁绪,去会丁香的冷漠,凄清和惆怅。
丁香是潇洒的,朦胧的。就像幽姬那样,总是那个竹林间快闪而过的紫色身影。丁香是初春的使者,公路上,汽车飞速驰骋。走后,从天空上悠悠飘下来的雪白的几片花瓣————那是丁香的泪!一簇簇,一束束开在丁香三角地里,北极星也上天幕值勤了,月亮也出来守护那簇梦一般的丁香。月光仿佛给予了丁香更加崭新的力量。丁香就如同睡眼朦胧的少女,这柔和的月光才是她最洒脱,最随性的生活。宗璞给了她们充满灵性的魂魄,给了她们迷人的身躯,让她们在城市纷嚣的一角变得格外靓丽。
丁香的每一个结,小小的花苞,圆圆的,鼓鼓的,恰如衣襟上的盘花扣。她的结里,有千丝万缕理不清的愁怨,她们缠在一起,又无法解开,每一条愁绪,每一条哀愁都密不可分,但这就是丁香,她独自哀愁,独自彷徨,独自走过悠长而寂寥的雨巷的丁香。微雨和丁香本就应该连在一起,那丁香就像娇花照水的林黛玉。清晨,窗外烟雨蒙蒙,飘飘洒洒,映着那丁香似有似无,醉了人的眼眸,这微雨,这丁香,便不由自主的烙在了心底。宗璞把那结比做人生的难事,坎坷重重,但若人生路上没有了台阶,我们又如何向顶峰发起挑战呢?丁香结是解不完的,愁怨是离不开的,但痛苦却只能暂时的,明天才是最好的。
丁香是冷漠的,凄清的,惆怅的。或许也是戴望舒的《雨巷》中那位撑着油纸伞的姑娘。四月的江南,邂逅了一场又一场花谢花飞。原本寂寥的雨巷,因为有了丁香花,有了这个结着愁怨的姑娘,变得多了几分淡妆浓抹的春意。她虽然冷漠,凄清,惆怅,但心中依然有属于春天的柔情。丁香带着油纸伞,带着宗璞的文思和梦想走进那红砖绿瓦的小巷,柳丝长,春雨细,丁香本就是一个梦,冷漠,凄清,惆怅,却唤醒了这个寂寥的雨巷。
丁香是神秘的幽姬,是娇花照水的林黛玉,是撑着油纸伞独自彷徨的姑娘,可丁香更是她自己,她的心思只有自己懂,她的仇怨只有自己懂,她何去何从更要问自己的心在何方。彷徨,彷徨,带着梦想去追寻诗和远方……
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