议论文的结构方式有以下几种:
1.纵贯式结构。即按照引论(导论、绪论、本论(正文、结论三部分组织材料,符合提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的逻辑顺序。2.并列式结构。即紧紧围绕中心论点,用几个分论点构成并列关系,从不同角度共同论证中心论点。3.递进式结构。即作者阐述中心论点时,使文章的各个层次和段落逐层深入,从而推出文章的结论。4.对比式结构。即把正反两方面的观点或事例加以对比,使两种不同的观点或事例在对比中更加鲜明、清晰,以使正面的论点和主张更加突出。
明确了议论文的结构方式,有助于分析文章的结构层次,把握行文脉络,从而对文章作出准确的分析和判断。
知道了以上的方法,阅读时可采用精读、略读相结合的方法,注意从原文中筛选信息。要把表明作者观点的句子勾画下来,找出文章的中心论点;注意分析文章的段落层次,看符合哪种结构方式,运用了哪些论证方法等。
要注意认真阅读题干,带着问题从原文中寻找答案,对与题干无关的内容,可略读或不读。
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议论文一般只能有一个中心论点,但有的议论文有多个分论点,而没有中心论点。如,巴甫洛夫《给青年们的一封信》就用分论点对青年们提出了希望。
议论文对论点的要求是:正确、鲜明、集中、一致。即作者的立场、观点、态度和方法应正确;赞成什么,反对什么要旗帜鲜明;中心论点只有一个;论点前后要保持一致。
为此,要注意中心论点的这些特点,看中心论点出现的位置。有的议论文中心论点出现在开头,也有的出现在中间和结尾。
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________(A的优点之一. Besides ____________(A的优点之二.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点.To make matters worse,____________(A的第二个缺点.
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法.
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________(对前景的预测.
In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(说明A的现状.Second, ________(举例进一步说明现状 Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________(解决方法一. For another ________(解决方法二. Finally, ________(解决方法三.
Personally, I believe that ________(我的解决方法. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的\'好处.
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