导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions.
One time, I saw a movie made in china that showed parents helping their children with their homework. . My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere wants to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they’re different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together.
Earning a living is another common goal. I’ve often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected.
Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movies, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing.
The movies I’ve seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals.
这一类型的读书笔记是欣赏作品的同时用自己的语言进行评析。它有利于提高学生的审美能力、思辨能力和逻辑能力。主要有评析法。所谓评析法是指把读书时对摘记要点的认识、疑问、意见、评论与自己产生的启发、创见、顿悟、灵感结合起来写,既可以寻章摘句,也可以质疑问难,抒发一己之见。一般采用夹叙夹议的写法,叙是议的依据。总的来说,不受内容和字数的限制,不讲篇章结构,既可以大发议论,成段成文,也可以点到为止,三言两语。
从意义方面评析,如:
“人生,治学,亦如游山,要有出众的成就,须立志穷极险远,即使不达顶峰,尽吾志者也可无怨无艾了。生命给每个人只有一次,有志者才可以让生命之花常开不败。衣带渐宽终不悔,有志者才能经受风雨人生。不懈进取。”评析:所摘两段是关于“有志”的感慨,它让“我”明白怎样为自己伟大的目标而努力,而奋斗,成功了是一种壮美,而失败了,也要会心一笑,不气馁,回过头来,前进前进再前进。
从语言形式方面评析,如:
“欣赏高山自然会在高山的巍峨中找到强悍和凝重;欣赏大树,自然会在大树的伟岸中获得自立和尊严;欣赏小草,自然会在小草的葳蕤中汲取执著与希望”。(《欣赏》)评析:这组排比句,语势强烈,对欣赏的底蕴阐述得十分深刻,读来既有音韵的感觉,又让人在思想上深受启迪。
对作品的欣赏评价可以从内容和形式两方面入手。前者侧重对思想的启发和情感上的熏陶,后者侧重对写作技巧的借鉴。无论从哪处着手,关键是写出自己对作品的认识,有感而发,有理而评。
这一类型的读书笔记是阅读完作品后借鉴作品的写作手法,由自己所感所思写作新文章。要把握两点:一是写的内容是由对作品的触发所得,借鉴作品的写作手法。它既有利于对作品内容的把握,又有利于写作手法的借鉴和运用。主要方法是,有随笔,札记等形式。它既可以巩固和提高阅读效果,又可形成自己的研究成果,升华自己的认识和思想感情。写作字数可多可少,可整可零,非常灵活,既可以从作品中生发出的一点来谈,也可以写看完作品后的整体感受,关键是写出自己的真情实感,表达出个人的独特感受,形成自己的鲜明个性风格。如沫沫的《认识生活——〈小红马〉读书笔记》:
“生活对乔迪来说,是优裕和宽厚的,但他的童年却并不快乐。因为,作者笔下的乔迪常陷于忧虑和迷惘。马驹和母马的,老人的凄凉晚景,这些看起来孤立和偶然的事件,给乔迪心理上的影响是震撼性的,并且将带入他以后的生活中。享受快乐是人之天性,忍受痛苦比之则更多地凭藉后天获得的能力。对一个孩子来说,尽早尽快地认识自己、了解人生、培养独立生活能力,是成长中最重要的一部分。美国文学有这样的优秀传统,即让孩子活在现实而不是幻想中,让孩子长在风雨而不是温室中。‘失去’,可以说是《小红马》的主题所在。人的一生由一连串失望构成,乔迪失去的不仅是马,更是对这个世界的一份天真和乐观的信心。快乐总是想象中的,生活不是童话。乔迪遭受的忧伤和痛苦,必然也是所有成长中的孩子要历经和学习的人生课程。乔迪面临的一系列孤立事件所构成的无法预料的陌生世界,等待他去探索、去熟悉、去适应,也等待着所有要长大的孩子去探索、去熟悉、去适应”。
在这里,沫沫对《小红马》的感触升华到对生活的认识,写下了这篇读书笔记。这篇短文已经不是对《小红马》的照抄照搬,而是融入了作者的感情和认识。
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