英语四级作文布局【一】
016英语四级漫画作文预测四级英语很快就要到来了，英语是占据重要的部分，快来看看下面的范文及写作指导吧。
下面请看一篇漫画式命题的作文预测题：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should express your views on the impact of air pollution. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考模板范文】
The Impact of Air Pollution
The cartoon vividly reveals the phenomenon of air pollution or the decline of air quality. In the cartoon we can see the air pollution is so serious that the earth can't bear it.
What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Possible reasons can be listed as follows: firstly, vehicle exhaust gases could be one of the most leading causes. With the improvement of economy and people's living standard, urban inhabitants in mounting numbers own their private cars. More automobiles will inevitably generate more exhaust gases. Additionally, household appliances widely used in cities also release a great amount of carbon dioxide gases, which further intensifies air pollution. Last but not least, many factories around the cities emit large quantities of untreated poisonous gases, which should also be responsible for the decline of air quality.
Definitely, air pollution will exert a detrimental impact on many aspects of people's life. For example, many diseases such as cough, skin problem and lung cancer are caused by it. Perhaps it is high time that we should adopt some measures to solve the problem of air pollution.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理，要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此，要写好四级漫画作文，审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画，弄清漫画的寓意，这是文章切题的保证。此外，在本次四级考试的三道写作题中，Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向，这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后，考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段：开门见山，简要描述一下漫画内容，并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意，是手段而不是目的，所以描述要简洁明快，一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是，写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题，但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述，因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段：表达考生对漫画寓意的看法，这是文章的重心所在。比如，就第一道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段：指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义，或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是，结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析，其主要作用是总结和升华，使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要，点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的'第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法，这是文章的核心段落，也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此，考生在这一段要浓墨重彩，写深、写透。在写这一段时，考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理，避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落，笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法，希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时，考生可以从2～3个方面对观点展开论述，这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如，本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性，考生就可以从以下两个方面展开：第一，相对于电子媒体，文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二，阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious： It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature， we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition， literature is the mirror of society，whether it be poetry， drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理，那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例，尽量避免空洞的说教。比如，就本次四级作文第二道题目而言，考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起，最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子，用以证明只有从小事做起，才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin， a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery， he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明，那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法，即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如，对于本次四级作文的第三道题目，考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时，只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能，才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推，无论做任何事情，只有掌握了基本的技能，才可能取得更大的成功。此外，考生还可以举出统计数字，用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem， basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting， dribbling and passing are not mastered，learning advanced skills will become difficult， if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading， writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
英语四级作文布局【二】
我们一天天在长大，一天天在成熟。在成长的过程中，许多人都希望得到老师、同学、朋友的尊重，那么我们是否首先做到了尊重他人呢？
当别人不经意间碰了你一下，你是坦然一笑还是破口大骂？
当听到别人的议论时，你是不分青红皂白的扁人一顿还是认为他们在夸奖自己？
当输掉比赛时，你是去祝贺对手还是抛给对手一个“白眼”。
尊重是中华民族的传统美德，尊重别人，别人自然也会尊重你。
尊重父母，因为他们给了我们生命，给了我们生活；尊重老师，因为他们教给我们知识，引领我们做“大写”的人；尊重朋友，因为他们在我们失落的时候，给予我们关心；尊重同学，因为他们是与我们同在屋檐下，寒窗苦读的伴侣；尊重对手，因为是他们给了我们鼓励、自信与勇气。
尊重太阳，因为它给我们光明与温暖；尊重大地，因为它给了我们“落脚点”；尊重地球，因为他给了我们生存的空间；尊重江河湖泊，因为它们给了我们生命之源；尊重大树，因为它们在夏日为我们洒下浓荫；尊重小草，因为它们为我们的世界增添了一抹绿；尊重花朵，因为它们使我们的世界更加缤纷。
尊重，是脸上一抹真诚的微笑；尊重，是在他人发表不同意见时的倾听；尊重，是为别人付出的努力而鼓掌；尊重，好像只是为了别人……学会尊重吧！当我们每个人都懂得尊重别人的时候，我们的生活必将更加和谐。
英语四级作文布局【三】
这是本论部分的一种布局方式。引论（开头）所提出的论题或论点能否分析得透彻，是不是令人心悦诚服，往往在于本论部分（主体）的论证布局是否严谨有序。并列组合方式是使文章有序的手段之一，这是一种并列地组织分论点或若干论据的结构布局，简称并列式。在论证时，几个层次之间的关系是平行的，是分别从几个侧面来证明观点的正确。并列式结构的主要好处在于论证全面，有条有理，使阅卷者一目了然，容易把握作文的思路。
在运用并列式布局时有两种方法：
（1）理由并列。可以是几个分论点之间的并列，也可以是几个理论论据的并列。例如《学贵多问》，在本论部分可以设置三个分论点：多问可以弥补学习中的不足；多问可以扩大你的知识面；多问可以使你有所创新，有所发明。
（2）例证并列。就是从不同角度列举具有典型意义的代表性事例，有层次地论证中心论点。例如《我们的价值在中国》，作者在开头提出中心论点后，本论部分列举三个时期的优秀人物的事例，边举边析，分别从不同角度论证了一切有志之士都把自己能尽忠于祖国作为生命富有价值的体现。文章首先列举国难当头、战火纷飞中的吉鸿昌的例子，再举新中国诞生前后钱学森、邓稼先的生动事迹，最后列举当今改革开放大潮流中留美博士陈志杰毅然回国创业的事例。这三个不同历史时期的典型事例，十分深刻有序地论证了“我们的价值在中国”这一中心论点。
根据需要，并列式可与对照式、层进式结合运用。
例题1、题目：要有竞争意识
提示：题目本身就是论点，一般应以阐明“为什么”要有竞争意识为主，“怎样”才具备竞争意识可以略写或不写，所以本论部分以并列式布局为好。可以论述有了竞争意识才能适应社会的需要，跟上时代的发展；有了竞争意识才能奋力拼搏，获取成功；有了竞争意识才会永葆青春活力，不断开拓。
例题2、题目：浙江西部山区有一种刺猬，遇到老虎时，常腹部朝天缩成一团躺在地上。当被老虎看见，将它一口吞下后，刺猬立刻恢复原形，用他全身钢针般的刺拼命刺穿老虎的胃，把老虎扎。请根据以上材料，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。
提示：如果抓住材料中的“拼命”、“缩成一团”等词语，可以“拼搏才能胜利”作为论点，本论部分分两个并列层次，一是要敢于拼搏，二是要善于拼搏。如果抓住“小刺猬”与“凶老虎”之间的“弱”与“强”的关系，本论部分也分两个并列层次，一是在一定条件下弱者可以转化为强者，二是在一定条件下强者可以转化为弱者。
例题3、题目：“成熟”析
提示：这是一道论题式题目，宜“大题小做”，切入口要小，开掘要深。例如可以从“成熟的人应该具备的品质”这个角度来论述“成熟”，本论部分可以分三个并列的层次：一是成熟的人应该有自己执著的追求和正确的人生目标，二是成熟的人应该具有坚韧不拔的意志和毅力，三是成熟的人应是待人诚恳和懂得宽容的人。
英语四级作文布局【四】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
